epithelial tissue

• What does the prefix "epi" mean?

  Outside
• What does epithelial tissue line?

  Any surface in contact with the external environment
• What are the two types of epithelial tissue found in the lungs?

  Columnar and squamous
• How is columnar epithelium characterized?

  It is arranged in columns
• How is squamous epithelium characterized?

  It consists of flattened cells
• What is ciliated columnar epithelial tissue?

  
  

  a type of epithelial tissue made up of column-shaped cells that have cilia (tiny, hair-like structures) on their surface. This tissue is specialized for movement of substances along its surface.
• What is the function of cilia in the respiratory system?

  To move mucus away from the lungs
• Where are cilia found in the respiratory system?

  In the trachea and bronchi
• What do goblet cells produce?

  Mucus
• What happens to mucus when cilia stop working in COPD?

  Mucus builds up and clogs airways
• What does COPD stand for?

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• What is a major cause of COPD?

  Smoking
• How does COPD affect the alveoli?

  It damages the alveolar walls
• How do healthy bronchioles differ from those affected by COPD?

  Bronchioles are narrower and clogged with mucus
• What are the characteristics of squamous epithelial cells?

  • Flattened and thin
  • Egg-shaped nuclei
  • Often one cell thick
  • Good for diffusion
• What is the role of goblet cells and cilia in the respiratory system?

  • Goblet cells produce mucus
  • Cilia move mucus away from lungs
  • Together, they trap and expel dust and germs
• What are the effects of COPD on the respiratory system?

  • Cilia slow down and stop working
  • Mucus builds up in airways
  • Airways become clogged, leading to coughing
  • Alveolar walls are damaged, affecting gas exchange
• What are the two types of epithelial tissue in the lungs?

  • Columnar epithelium
  • Squamous epithelium
• Compare healthy bronchioles to those affected by COPD.

  • Healthy: Wide and clear
  • Affected: Narrow and clogged with mucus
• Describe the structure and function of ciliated columnar epithelial tissue.

  • Structure: Columnar cells with cilia
  • Function: Move mucus and trap particles
• Damages the alveolar walls

  COPD causes inflammation and scarring in the walls of the alveoli, leading to reduced gas exchange and increased breathing difficulties.
• What is epithelial tissue?

  Tissue that covers surfaces and consists of tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix. Performs functions like protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion.
• What is epithelial tissue?

  Tissue that covers surfaces and consists of tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix. Performs functions like protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion.
• Where is epithelial tissue primarily found?

  Lining tubes, ducts, and structures
• What structures are lined by epithelial tissue?

  Trachea, bronchi, digestive tract
• What does endothelial tissue line?

  Inner surfaces of the body
• Name an example of endothelial tissue.

  Lining of blood vessels
• What type of epithelial cells make up the alveoli walls?

  Squamous epithelial cells
• Where else can squamous epithelial cells be found?

  Skin and nephrons in kidneys
• What do cuboidal epithelial cells make up?

  Walls of tubules like sweat ducts
• Where are ciliated epithelial cells found?

  Lining of airways and fallopian tubes
• Why are squamous epithelial cells ideal for gas exchange?

  They are very thin, reducing diffusion distance
• What is the function of a good blood supply around alveoli?

  Maximizes oxygen absorption by blood

  
• How does carbon dioxide diffuse in the alveoli?

  From high concentration in blood to low in alveoli

  
• How does oxygen diffuse from alveoli to blood?

  From high concentration in alveoli to low in blood

  
• What role do ciliated epithelial cells play in the respiratory system?

  They move mucus away from lungs
• What do goblet cells secrete?

  Mucus that traps particulate matter
• What happens if cilia are damaged?

  Mucus builds up, causing coughing
• What is COPD?

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• What happens to epithelial cells in chronic bronchitis?

  They become inflamed and produce excess mucus