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Created by
Lois Welmhar LeaƱo
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Cards (89)
Who first recognized the role of fungal mycelia in plants?
Vitadini
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What is the term for the association between plant roots and fungi?
Mycorrhiza
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What role does the autotrophic host plant play in mycorrhiza?
It acts as the
carbon source
for the fungus
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What does the fungus supply to the plant in a mycorrhizal association?
Mineral nutrients
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In which plant families is mycorrhizal association not found?
Cruciferae
,
Chenopodiaceae
,
Resedaceae
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What are the benefits of mycorrhizae to plants?
Enhance nutrient uptake, especially
phosphorus
Improve water absorption
Provide protection against soilborne pathogens
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Who pointed out the common features of mutualistic symbionts?
Scannerini
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What are the common features of mycorrhizal symbionts?
No
phytopathological
symptoms during
mutualism
Complex interfaces between
partner
cells
Phagocyte-like
structures during symbiont establishment
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What is the morphological structure of mycorrhizas?
Distinct
morphological structure
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What type of plants typically form mycorrhizas?
Nutrient-limited
plants like
herbs
, shrubs,
trees
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Where can fungi be located in mycorrhizal associations?
On the
root
surface or
inside
the root
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What is the purpose of artificially produced mycorrhizal inoculum?
Used in
crop
fields
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What do mycorrhizas produce that promotes plant growth?
Plant growth-promoting substances
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How many types of mycorrhizae did Peterson and Farquhar classify?
Seven
distinct types
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What are the two main types of mycorrhizae in the Philippines?
Ectomycorrhiza
Endomycorrhiza
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What is the characteristic of ectomycorrhiza?
Fungal
hyphae
form a network around roots
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What does the term "ectomycorrhiza" mean in Greek?
Outside
fungus
roots
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What percentage of seed plants in forests have ectomycorrhiza?
3%
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What do endomycorrhizae do to root cells?
Penetrate the cell walls of
root cortex
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What types of mycorrhizae are included in endomycorrhiza?
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Ericoid mycorrhiza
Orchid mycorrhiza
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Why are endomycorrhizae important for agriculture and forestry?
They are key components of soil
microbial
populations
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Name some trees in the Philippines that have endomycorrhiza.
Narra
,
ipil-ipil
, kakawate
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What is vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM)?
A type of
endomycorrhizal
association
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In which plants is VAM commonly found?
Most
angiosperms
and some
gymnosperms
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Which plant families do not have VAM?
Ericaceae
and
Orchidaceae
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What roles do mycorrhizae play in agriculture?
Enhance root growth and branching
Aid in
mineral ion uptake
Assist in nutrient absorption
Help in nutrient absorption in deficient soils
Necessary for orchid seed germination
Promote
phytoalexin synthesis
in orchids
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What roles do mycorrhizae play in forestry?
Establish forests in
unfavorable
locations
Act as pioneers in
plant succession
Prevent entry of
fungal root pathogens
Provide
nitrogenous compounds
to plants
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What are some organic wastes useful as fertilizers?
Animal dung
, urine,
urban
garbage
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What are biofertilizers?
Substances containing
microorganisms
that enhance soil fertility
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What is nitrogen fixation?
Converting
di-nitrogen
molecules into nitrogen compounds
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What role does Rhizobium play in nitrogen fixation?
Provides
fixed
nitrogen
to plants
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What is associative mutualism in nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Azospirillum
lives around roots without intimate relationship
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What are some examples of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria?
Liverworts
,
cycad roots
,
ferns
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What is the role of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Perform
nitrogen fixation
in soil
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Which biofertilizers are most widely used?
Rhizobium
and
Azospirillum
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What is bio compost?
Eco-friendly product from
decomposed
waste material
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What is Tricho-Card used for?
Used in
various
crops and ornamental plants
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What role does Azotobacter play in soil?
Protects roots and fixes
atmospheric
nitrogen
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Why is phosphorus essential for plants?
It is crucial for
growth
and development
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What types of organisms are used for phosphorus availability?
Fungi
and
bacteria
like
Penicillium
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See all 89 cards
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