Longquiz

    Cards (89)

    • Who first recognized the role of fungal mycelia in plants?
      Vitadini
    • What is the term for the association between plant roots and fungi?
      Mycorrhiza
    • What role does the autotrophic host plant play in mycorrhiza?
      It acts as the carbon source for the fungus
    • What does the fungus supply to the plant in a mycorrhizal association?
      Mineral nutrients
    • In which plant families is mycorrhizal association not found?
      Cruciferae, Chenopodiaceae, Resedaceae
    • What are the benefits of mycorrhizae to plants?
      • Enhance nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus
      • Improve water absorption
      • Provide protection against soilborne pathogens
    • Who pointed out the common features of mutualistic symbionts?
      Scannerini
    • What are the common features of mycorrhizal symbionts?
      • No phytopathological symptoms during mutualism
      • Complex interfaces between partner cells
      • Phagocyte-like structures during symbiont establishment
    • What is the morphological structure of mycorrhizas?
      Distinct morphological structure
    • What type of plants typically form mycorrhizas?
      Nutrient-limited plants like herbs, shrubs, trees
    • Where can fungi be located in mycorrhizal associations?
      On the root surface or inside the root
    • What is the purpose of artificially produced mycorrhizal inoculum?
      Used in crop fields
    • What do mycorrhizas produce that promotes plant growth?
      Plant growth-promoting substances
    • How many types of mycorrhizae did Peterson and Farquhar classify?
      Seven distinct types
    • What are the two main types of mycorrhizae in the Philippines?
      • Ectomycorrhiza
      • Endomycorrhiza
    • What is the characteristic of ectomycorrhiza?
      Fungal hyphae form a network around roots
    • What does the term "ectomycorrhiza" mean in Greek?
      Outside fungus roots
    • What percentage of seed plants in forests have ectomycorrhiza?
      3%
    • What do endomycorrhizae do to root cells?
      Penetrate the cell walls of root cortex
    • What types of mycorrhizae are included in endomycorrhiza?
      • Arbuscular mycorrhiza
      • Ericoid mycorrhiza
      • Orchid mycorrhiza
    • Why are endomycorrhizae important for agriculture and forestry?
      They are key components of soil microbial populations
    • Name some trees in the Philippines that have endomycorrhiza.
      Narra, ipil-ipil, kakawate
    • What is vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM)?
      A type of endomycorrhizal association
    • In which plants is VAM commonly found?
      Most angiosperms and some gymnosperms
    • Which plant families do not have VAM?
      Ericaceae and Orchidaceae
    • What roles do mycorrhizae play in agriculture?
      1. Enhance root growth and branching
      2. Aid in mineral ion uptake
      3. Assist in nutrient absorption
      4. Help in nutrient absorption in deficient soils
      5. Necessary for orchid seed germination
      6. Promote phytoalexin synthesis in orchids
    • What roles do mycorrhizae play in forestry?
      1. Establish forests in unfavorable locations
      2. Act as pioneers in plant succession
      3. Prevent entry of fungal root pathogens
      4. Provide nitrogenous compounds to plants
    • What are some organic wastes useful as fertilizers?
      Animal dung, urine, urban garbage
    • What are biofertilizers?
      Substances containing microorganisms that enhance soil fertility
    • What is nitrogen fixation?
      Converting di-nitrogen molecules into nitrogen compounds
    • What role does Rhizobium play in nitrogen fixation?
      Provides fixed nitrogen to plants
    • What is associative mutualism in nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
      Azospirillum lives around roots without intimate relationship
    • What are some examples of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria?
      Liverworts, cycad roots, ferns
    • What is the role of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
      Perform nitrogen fixation in soil
    • Which biofertilizers are most widely used?
      Rhizobium and Azospirillum
    • What is bio compost?
      Eco-friendly product from decomposed waste material
    • What is Tricho-Card used for?
      Used in various crops and ornamental plants
    • What role does Azotobacter play in soil?
      Protects roots and fixes atmospheric nitrogen
    • Why is phosphorus essential for plants?
      It is crucial for growth and development
    • What types of organisms are used for phosphorus availability?
      Fungi and bacteria like Penicillium
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