Life Cycle of Stars

Cards (31)

  • What is the initial stage of a star's life cycle called?
    Nebula
  • What force pulls dust and gas together to form a protostar?
    Gravity
  • What happens to a protostar as more particles collide with it?
    It gets bigger and its gravity increases
  • What effect does gravity have on the density of a protostar?
    It makes the protostar more dense
  • What occurs when the temperature inside a protostar rises due to particle collisions?
    Hydrogen nuclei start to fuse into helium
  • What is the process called when hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei?
    Nuclear fusion
  • What is a main sequence star?
    A star undergoing nuclear fusion
  • What balances the outward pressure from nuclear fusion in a main sequence star?
    The inward pressure from gravity
  • How long can a main sequence star remain stable?
    Billions of years
  • What happens when a star runs out of hydrogen?
    Nuclear fusion stops
  • What occurs when the inward pressure of gravity takes over in a star?
    The star contracts into a small ball
  • What elements can be formed during nuclear fusion after hydrogen is exhausted?
    Heavier elements up to iron
  • What type of star forms from a small to medium star after hydrogen is exhausted?
    Red giant
  • What type of star forms from a really big star after hydrogen is exhausted?
    Red supergiant
  • What happens to a red giant after a relatively short time?
    It becomes unstable and expels outer layers
  • What is the core of a red giant called after it expels its outer layers?
    White dwarf
  • What happens to a white dwarf over time?
    It gets cooler and darker
  • What do we call a white dwarf that no longer emits light?
    Black dwarf
  • What happens to a red supergiant after several cycles of expansion and contraction?
    It explodes in a supernova
  • What elements are formed during a supernova?
    Elements heavier than iron
  • What forms after a supernova if the star was very big?
    Neutron star
  • What forms after a supernova if the star was absolutely massive?
    Black hole
  • Why are black holes called "black holes"?
    They pull in any light nearby
  • What are the stages of a star's life cycle?
    1. Nebula
    2. Protostar
    3. Main sequence star
    4. Red giant or red supergiant
    5. White dwarf or neutron star or black hole
    6. Black dwarf
  • What is the main sequence star stage characterized by?
    Nuclear fusion of hydrogen
  • What is the relationship between a star's size and its life cycle outcome?
    Size determines if it becomes a red giant or supergiant
  • How does the life cycle of a red giant differ from that of a red supergiant?
    Red giants become white dwarfs; supergiants explode
  • What is the final stage of a white dwarf?
    Black dwarf
  • What happens to the core of a red giant after it expels its outer layers?
    It becomes a white dwarf
  • What is the fate of a neutron star after a supernova?
    It remains a dense core
  • How do the processes of nuclear fusion differ in red giants compared to main sequence stars?
    Red giants fuse heavier elements; main sequence fuses hydrogen