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Physics
Life Cycle of Stars
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Created by
Abdullah Mahroof
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Cards (31)
What is the initial stage of a star's life cycle called?
Nebula
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What force pulls dust and gas together to form a protostar?
Gravity
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What happens to a protostar as more particles collide with it?
It gets bigger and its
gravity
increases
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What effect does gravity have on the density of a protostar?
It makes the protostar
more
dense
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What occurs when the temperature inside a protostar rises due to particle collisions?
Hydrogen nuclei
start to fuse into
helium
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What is the process called when hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei?
Nuclear fusion
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What is a main sequence star?
A star undergoing
nuclear fusion
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What balances the outward pressure from nuclear fusion in a main sequence star?
The inward pressure from
gravity
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How long can a main sequence star remain stable?
Billions
of years
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What happens when a star runs out of hydrogen?
Nuclear fusion
stops
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What occurs when the inward pressure of gravity takes over in a star?
The star
contracts
into a small ball
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What elements can be formed during nuclear fusion after hydrogen is exhausted?
Heavier elements up to
iron
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What type of star forms from a small to medium star after hydrogen is exhausted?
Red giant
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What type of star forms from a really big star after hydrogen is exhausted?
Red supergiant
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What happens to a red giant after a relatively short time?
It becomes
unstable
and expels outer layers
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What is the core of a red giant called after it expels its outer layers?
White dwarf
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What happens to a white dwarf over time?
It
gets
cooler
and
darker
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What do we call a white dwarf that no longer emits light?
Black dwarf
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What happens to a red supergiant after several cycles of expansion and contraction?
It explodes in a
supernova
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What elements are formed during a supernova?
Elements heavier than
iron
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What forms after a supernova if the star was very big?
Neutron star
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What forms after a supernova if the star was absolutely massive?
Black hole
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Why are black holes called "black holes"?
They
pull
in
any
light
nearby
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What are the stages of a star's life cycle?
Nebula
Protostar
Main sequence star
Red giant
or red supergiant
White dwarf
or
neutron star
or
black hole
Black dwarf
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What is the main sequence star stage characterized by?
Nuclear fusion of hydrogen
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What is the relationship between a star's size and its life cycle outcome?
Size determines if it becomes a
red giant
or
supergiant
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How does the life cycle of a red giant differ from that of a red supergiant?
Red giants become
white dwarfs
;
supergiants
explode
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What is the final stage of a white dwarf?
Black dwarf
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What happens to the core of a red giant after it expels its outer layers?
It becomes a
white dwarf
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What is the fate of a neutron star after a supernova?
It remains a
dense core
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How do the processes of nuclear fusion differ in red giants compared to main sequence stars?
Red giants fuse
heavier elements
; main sequence fuses
hydrogen
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