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• What are the main organelles found in a plant cell?

  • Nucleolus
  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Ribosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
  • Vacuoles
  • Peroxisomes
  • Primary Cell Wall
  • Cell Membrane (Plasmalemma)
  • Cytoskeleton

  
• What is the function of the nucleus in a plant cell?

  The nucleus houses the genetic material (chromatin) and controls the cell's activities through gene expression.

  
• Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in plant cells?

  Ribosomes

  
• What structures facilitate transport between plant cells?

  Plasmodesmata

  
• What are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?

  The Golgi apparatus is responsible for:

  • Processing proteins
  • Packaging proteins into vesicles
  • Transporting proteins to their destinations within or outside the cell

  
• What are the key differences between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula?

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis and folding
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification

  
• What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

  
• Which organelle breaks down toxic substances in plant cells?

  Peroxisomes

  
• How do the mitochondria contribute to the energy production of a plant cell?

  Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, which utilizes glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules.

  
• What organelle helps regulate water balance in plant cells?

  Vacuoles

  
• What are the two components of the plant cell wall?

  Primary cell wall and plasmalemma

  
• What type of secretion involves structures like glandular hairs and nectaries?

  External secretion

  
• What are the two main types of idioblasts in external secretions?

  • Secernenti
  • Oleifere

  
• What are the different types of schizogenous secretions in plants?

  • Schizogene
  • Lisigene
  • Schizo-lisigene

  
• What type of secretion is characterized by internal channels or ducts?

  Internal secretion

  
• What are the different types of internal secretion channels?

  • Canali sinciziali
  • Laticiferi
  • Apociziali

  
• What type of internal secretion involves intracellular storage?

  Intracellular secretion

  
• What type of internal secretion involves intercellular storage?

  Intercellular secretion

  
• What are the two main types of internal secretion tissues?

  • Tessuti a gomme
  • Tessuti a mucillagini

  
• What structures are associated with mucilage secretion in plants?

  Dutti a mucillagini

  
• What are the primary functions of chloroplasts and their associated plastidi in plant cells?

  • Chloroplasts: Responsible for photosynthesis
  • Chromoplasts: Contain pigments that color flowers and fruits
  • Leucoplasts: Store starch and other nutrients

  
• Name three types of plastids and their main functions.

  • Chloroplasts: photosynthesis
  • Chromoplasts: pigmentation
  • Leucoplasts: starch storage

  
• What is the main role of peroxisomes in plant cells?

  They are involved in photorespiration.

  
• What are two key functions of the vacuole in plant cells?

  Turgor and storage.

  
• List three components of the cell wall's primary structure in plant cells.

  • Pectin
  • Cellulose
  • Primary wall layer

  
• What compound adds rigidity to the secondary cell wall of some plant cells?

  Lignin

  
• Name two types of wall modifications that can occur in plant cell walls.

  • Various substances added
  • Structural alterations

  
• What is the process by which water enters plant cells due to turgor pressure?

  Osmosis

  
• What maintains the cell shape and turgor pressure in plant cells?

  Vacuole

  
• What substance fills the vacuole, contributing to cell turgor?

  Reserve substances

  
• How do organelles like the Golgi apparatus and ER contribute to plant cell structure and function?

  • Golgi apparatus: processes and packages molecules
  • Endoplasmic reticulum: synthesizes and transports proteins

  
• What is the role of the cytoskeleton in plant cells?

  Provides structural support and shape to the cell.

  
• Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration in plant cells?

  Mitochondria

  
• Name the main component of the primary cell wall that provides structural support to plant cells.

  Cellulose

  
• Which polymer strengthens the secondary cell wall of plant cells?

  Lignin

  
• What compound forms the middle lamella between adjacent plant cells?

  Pectin

  
• What process involves water moving across a semipermeable membrane due to concentration differences?

  Osmosis

  
• How do vacuoles contribute to the overall water balance in plant cells?

  • Store water
  • Maintain turgor pressure
  • Regulate osmosis

  
• What are the key structural components of plant cell walls and how do they function together?

  • Cellulose microfibrils: provide basic structural framework
  • Pectin: forms middle lamella and primary wall, holds cells together
  • Lignin: adds rigidity to secondary wall
  • Other substances and modifications: alter specific properties of the wall

  
• What is the function of the primary cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides initial structural support and flexibility.