QUIZ SOIL CHEM

• What is the poisonous type of nitrogen that plants like rice utilize? (Ammonium Nitrogen)
• What substance cannot be classified as a product of the mineral weathering process? (Nitrogen)
• What do you call the insoluble fraction and is the residue left when bacteria and fungi biodegrade plant material? (Humin)
• What is the aqueous portion of soil that serves as an important pathway for the exchange of plant nutrients between roots and solid soil? (Soil Solution)
• Refers to the most frequently measured pH value of the soil, serving as a fundamental indicator of the soil’s relative acidity or alkalinity based on the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the soil solution. (Active Soil pH)
• What is the process dedicated to safeguarding soil against degradation by erosion. (Soil Conservation)
• What is essential for functioning of essential enzymes and is needed in small amounts because of its high toxicity to plants? (Micronutrients)
• Indicate the element for which boron serves as a substitute. (Silicon)
• This is the simplest phosphorus that is most available to plants and has a pH value near neutrality. (Orthophosphate)
• What macronutrient is the most abundant in earth’s crust but is not easily available to plants? (Potassium)
• What are these molecules that form micelles in which the nonpolar parts compose the inside of small colloidal particles and the polar functional groups that are on the outside? (Amphiphiles)
• What is the most widely used chemical compound designed to eliminate undesired plant species? (Herbicides)
• The process by which the decay of organic matter releases CO2 that reacts with water to form acidic compounds. (Organic Matter Decay)
• A condition characterized by a pH value lower than neutral (pH < 7), indicating an elevated concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil solution. (Soil Acidity)
• This is defined as a corresponding formation of relation of an element. (Isomorphic)
• This is a present mineral in the soil in small amounts. (Trace Elements)
• The depletion of essential nutrients, disruption of the soil structure, and a decrease in biodiversity render the land increasingly incapable of sustaining productive plant life. (Desertification)
• The process by which effluent migrates into and through the soil, where it undergoes various physical and chemical interactions with the soil matrix. (Absorption)
• A fertilizer corresponds into percentages of Nitrogen, _________, and Potassium? (Phosphorus)
• What are these substances that are usually more environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides? (Biopesticides)
• Organic colloids are created when organic matter decomposes extensively until it can no longer degrade, producing humus. Inorganic colloids are almost exclusively clay minerals.

  Answer: Both the statements are true
• What happens to soil pH as the acidity of the soil increases?


  Answer: The soil pH remains unchanged.
• What is adsorption in the context of soil chemistry?


  Answer: The process by which solution constituents attach to the surface of soil particles.
• Soil is important for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is NOT an aspect where soil plays a crucial role?

  Answer: Regulation of atmospheric pressure
• A typical productive soil is composed primarily of:


  Answer: 5% organic matter and 95% inorganic matter
• Which of the following best describes the role of residual acidity in soil?

  Answer: It represents the soil’s resistance to pH changes and correlates with the extent of mineral weathering.
• Temperature and the availability of oxygen influence the build-up of organic matter in soil. In organic matter of soil, since the rate of biodegradation decreases with decreasing temperature, organic matter degrades rapidly in colder climates and tends to build up in soil.

  Answer: A.Only the first statement is true
• Which among layer B and C are older?

  Answer: Parent Rock layer

  
• Which of the following BEST describes the O layer

  Answer: The Organic Layer is where dissolved minerals, organic matter, and fine clay particles have been leached to lower horizons.
• Which of the following statements about soil horizons is TRUE?

  Answer: The number and development of soil horizons can vary depending on factors like climate and human activities.
• In water and in waterlogged soils, decaying vegetation does not have easy access to oxygen, and organic matter accumulates. The organic content may reach 20% in areas where plants grow and decay in soil saturated with water.


  Answer: Only the first statement is true
• Earth’s crust is composed of common elements, which does not belong to the group?

  Answer: Carbon
• Which of the following statements accurately describes soil acidity in terms of its influence on soil chemistry and plant growth?


  Answer: Soil acidity depends on H+ concentration, affecting nutrients, microbes, and plant growth
• It is the measure of how much a specific ion a unit mass of soil can exchange, influencing nutrient availability.

  Answer: Exchange Capacity
• It is the layer of a typical soil and is the product of complex interactions between processes that develop during weathering.

  Answer: Horizon
• Green chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the design and optimization of processes and products that lower the

  production and use of toxic substances in the field of agriculture. Which is not the application of green chemistry to agriculture?

  Answer: Chemists use tools and techniques to measure and see air and water pollution.
• Which of the following best describes the process described in the statement?

  Answer: Soil Acidification
• The rainwater that percolates through the soil brings dissolved and colloidal solids to lower horizons where they are deposited. The process mentioned above in the statement is called:


  Answer: Leaching
• Agroforestry is a sustainable agricultural practice that involves:


  Answer: Growing crops in strips between rows of trees.
• Inorganic colloids are produced from the weathering of parent rocks and minerals. Which is true about inorganic colloids?

  Answer. It serve as source of food for microorganisms