QUIZ CHEM WATER

• What specific bond angle does the bent structure of a water molecule, which contributes to its dipole nature, result in?

  Answer: 104.5 degrees
• Identify the process by which water is lost from plants through small openings on the underside of their leaves, a critical component of the hydrological cycle.

  Answer: Transpiration
• A water source contains high levels of arsenic and bacteria causing cholera. Classify this type of water based on its suitability for human use.

  Answer: Non-potable
• When NaCl dissolves in water, water molecules align around the ions. What term describes the negative ends of water molecules surrounding positive sodium ions?

  Answer: Hydration
• What process involves the downward vertical movement of water through soil to form groundwater, differentiating it from surface runoff and interflow?

  Answer: Infiltration or Percolation
• What is the layer between the epilimnion and hypolimnion in a thermally stratified body of water, characterized by a significant temperature gradient?

  Answer: Metalimnion or Thermocline
• What property of water, caused by its partial positive and negative charges, allows it to dissolve ionic compounds and salts like sodium chloride?

  Answer: Polarity
• In the water cycle, what is the combined loss of water from both evaporation and transpiration, which makes it difficult to differentiate the individual processes?

  Answer: Evapotranspiration
• Identify the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO)when it goes as high as 140 ppm in a traffic jam. Find the carbon monoxide in a 10.0L sample of air.


  Answer: 1.4x10^-3 mg/L
• What mass of nickel is in a 2.4 Kg sample of propanol if the concentration is 20 ppb?

  Answer: 4.8x10^-8 kg=48myew/g
• It is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions.

  Answer: pH Scale
• These are the organisms that use solar or chemical energy to fix elements from simple, nonliving inorganic material into complex life molecules that compose living organisms.

  Answer: Autotrophic
• This condition results in decay of the biomass produced, consumption of dissolved oxygen, and odor production due to excessive productivity.

  Answer: Eutrophication
• It is the capacity of a lake or other body of water to resist a decrease in pH.

  Answer: Acid-Neutralizing Capacity
• It is the ability of a body of water to produce living material.

  Answer: Productivity
• What technique is used to measure the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to break down organic material in water?

  Answer: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
• Which water pollutant triggers a process called eutrophication?

  Answer: Nutrients
• The increase in the concentration of these toxic metals as they move up the food chain?

  Answer: Biomagnification
• What category used to describe the quality of a drinking water focuses on the components and concentrations of substances in water? Parameters include pH, hardness, and dissolved oxygen.

  Answer: Chemical
• What process in water treatment where chemicals like aluminum sulfate and calcium hydroxide are added to form a sticky gel that helps remove particles?

  Answer: Coagulation and Flocculation
• A scientist is studying a large river system and notices that its temperature varies greatly from the surface to the bottom, with a distinct separation of layers. This phenomenon is likely due to:

  Ans: Thermal stratification
• A biochemist is studying the solubility of ionic substances in water. They find that water can dissolve a wide variety of ionic compounds due to its ability to disrupt ionic bonds. Which of the following molecular characteristics of water explains this phenomenon?

  Ans: The bent molecular geometry of water allows it to surround and stabilize ions through dipole interactions.
• During an environmental study, it is observed that surface water has a higher turbidity compared to groundwater, and the surface water sample also contains higher concentrations of microorganisms. Based on the properties of water, what might explain this difference in quality between surface and groundwater?

  Ans: Groundwater composition remains constant, while surface water composition varies, leading to greater contaminants in the surface water.
• In an ecosystem, water is crucial in maintaining temperature regulation for living organisms. If a region experiences drastic temperature fluctuations, which of the following water properties helps stabilize the temperature in both the region and the organisms that live there?

  Ans: High heat capacity
• A biochemist is studying the solubility of ionic substances in water. They find that water can dissolve a wide variety of ionic compounds due to its ability to disrupt ionic bonds. Which of the following molecular characteristics of water explains this phenomenon?

  Ans: The bent molecular geometry of water allows it to surround and stabilize ions through dipole interactions.
• It is defined as a concentration unit expressed by the number of moles of solute present in 1 liter of solution.

  Ans: Molarity
• What is the compound that releases hydrogen ions in aqueous solution?

  Ans: Acid
• It is where water is equivalent to 1 gram of Hg dissolved in 1 billion grams of water

  Ans: Parts per billion
• When no molecules remain in solution because they dissociate completely in water. What do you call this kind of acid reaction?

  Ans: Strong Acid
• Mrs. Leyesa wants to mix powder juice with an apple flavor for her husband after a long, tiring day from work; she accidentally puts more powder than water, and it has a low concentration, as she observed. What do you think is the kind of concentration she finds out along her observations?

  Ans: Parts per million
• These three substances arise from dissolved carbon dioxide which play a role in maintaining the pH of the ocean at approximately 8.2.

  Ans: Carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, and carbonic acid
• The lowering of pH in our ocean due to the increased atmospheric carbon dioxide is called?

  Ans: Ocean Acidification
• During the process of ocean acidification, what substance will be produced when carbon dioxide dissolves into the ocean and reacts with water?

  Ans: Carbonic Acid
• The following statements are true, except;

  Ans: Solutions of ph 7 have equal concentrations of H+ and OH-.
• Which of the following is not an effect of eutrophication?

  Ans: Acidic Precipitation
• What pesticides are used to kill unwanted plants, like weeds?


  Ans: Herbicides
• These are pollutants that enter the environment from a fixed location and are easier to manage?

  Ans: Point Sources
• What is the primary reason for the chlorination process?

  Ans: To kill disease-causing microbes
• What are the tiny particles that remain suspended in the water, don't settle easily, and make the water turbid called?

  Ans: Colloidal particles
• What is the primary problem caused by the presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment?


  Ans: They can cause the development of drug-resistant bacteria.