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Biology
Topic 3
Mass Transport
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Created by
Jasmine Bradshaw
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Cards (52)
What is the structure of haemoglobin?
Globular
and water soluble
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How many polypeptide chains does haemoglobin consist of?
Four
polypeptide chains
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What is the quaternary structure of haemoglobin?
Consists of four
polypeptide
chains
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Where is haemoglobin present?
In
red blood cells
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What do oxygen molecules bind to in haemoglobin?
Haem groups
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What is the role of haemoglobin?
To carry
oxygen
to respiring tissues
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What are three factors affecting oxygen-haemoglobin binding?
Partial pressure of oxygen
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
Saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen
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How does partial pressure of oxygen affect oxygen-haemoglobin binding?
Higher pressure increases haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen
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What happens to haemoglobin's shape as carbon dioxide partial pressure increases?
Haemoglobin changes shape and
affinity
decreases
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What is the Bohr effect?
Decrease in
affinity
due to increased
carbon dioxide
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What is positive cooperativity in haemoglobin binding?
First binding eases subsequent
oxygen
bindings
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Why does oxygen bind to haemoglobin in the lungs?
High
partial pressure
of oxygen and low carbon dioxide
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Why is oxygen released from haemoglobin in respiring tissues?
Low oxygen pressure and high
carbon dioxide
concentration
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What do oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curves show?
Saturation of haemoglobin against
partial pressure
of oxygen
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How does carbon dioxide affect the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve?
Curve shifts to the
right
with decreased
affinity
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What are three common features of a mammalian circulatory system?
Water-based
transport medium
Means of moving the medium (
heart
)
Unidirectional flow control (
valves
)
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What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?
To
pump
blood
throughout the body
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How are the atria structured to function?
Thin-walled and
elastic
to stretch
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Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?
It pumps blood around the
entire
body
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How do arteries relate to their function?
Thick walls handle high pressure
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Why do veins have valves?
To prevent
backflow
of blood
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Why are two pumps needed in the heart?
To maintain
blood pressure
throughout the body
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What happens during cardiac diastole?
The heart
relaxes
and fills with blood
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What occurs during atrial systole?
The atria contract to push blood into ventricles
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What happens during ventricular systole?
The
ventricles
contract and pump blood out
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What are the nodes involved in heart contraction?
Sinoatrial node
and
Atrioventricular node
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Where is the sinoatrial node located?
In the wall of the
right atrium
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What does myogenic mean in relation to the heart?
Contraction initiated from within the
muscle
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How does the heart contract?
Through coordinated
electrical
signals from
nodes
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What happens during ventricular systole?
The
ventricles
contract.
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What occurs to the pressure in the ventricles during contraction?
The pressure
increases.
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What is the function of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction?
They close to prevent
backflow
.
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What happens to the semilunar valves during ventricular contraction?
They open.
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Where is the sinoatrial node (SAN) located?
Wall of
right atrium
.
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Where is the atrioventricular node (AVN) situated?
In between the
two atria
.
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What does the term "myogenic" refer to?
Contraction initiated from within the
muscle
.
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How does the heart contract?
SAN
initiates impulse,
AVN
conveys it.
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What role does the AVN play in heart contraction?
It receives, delays, and conveys the
impulse
.
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Why is there a delay in the impulse from the AVN?
To allow time for
blood
to pass
through.
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How are capillaries structured to suit their function?
Walls are one cell thick for
diffusion
.
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