humanistic

• What were the intentions of the humanistic approach?


  • offer less deterministic + artificial approach
  • concerned with human experience, uniqueness, meaning, freedom and choice
• What are the basic assumptions of the humanistic approach?

  • Humans have free will - behaviour is not all determined
  • Humans have an innate ambition to achieve maximum potential
  • Understanding human behaviour must be based on studying human behaviour, not animals
  • Idiographic approach - study individuals not the average of groups
• What is the definition of idiographic?


  study of individual experience/differences
• What is the definition of nomothetic?


  study of general scientific laws
• Why do humanistic psychologists reject scientific approaches?


  • Favours subjective research methods

  (avoid objective research such as falsification+non-participant experiment)

  • Criticises use of quantitative data as it reduces the meaning of individuality
  • Aims to focus on the whole human rather than a part (e.g, genes/neurotransmitters)
  • Favours idiographic method
• Who developed the hierarchy of needs?

  Maslow
• What are the categories of the hierarchy of needs?


  • Self-actualisation
  • Esteem
  • Love/Belonging
  • Safety
  • Physiological
• What does the self-actualization category include?


  • Morality
  • Creativity
  • Spontaneity
  • Problem-solving
  • Lack of prejudice
• What does the esteem category include?


  • self-esteem
  • confidence
  • achievement
  • respect for/by others
• What does the love/belonging category include?


  • friendship
  • family
  • sexual intimacy
• What does the safety category include?


  • security of body/fiances/resources/property/health/family
• What does the physiological category include?


  • food
  • sleep
  • sex
  • breathing
  • homeostasis
• What is the definition of personal growth?


  developing and changing as a person to become fulfilled, satisfied and goal orientated
• What is Roger's theory?


  • For a person to grow they need an environment that provides them with genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
  • All humans have the motivation of the potential to self-actualise
  • Human's basic need is to feel loved/nurtured by significant people in their lives without conditions
  • Defense mechanisms lead to incongruence
• What is the definition of incongruence?


  the larger gap between one's ideal self and their actual self
• What is the definition of congruence?


  when one's actual self is similar to their ideal self
• How useful is Roger's theory?


  Client-centered theory (CCT):

  • relates the absence of unconditional positive regard due to boundaries/lack of love in childhood to the development of psychological problems
  • reduces incongruence
  • if they did not receive unconditional positive regard in childhood it will be provided by the therapist to facilitate psychological healing+personal growth