Haematology

• What are the main components of blood?

  Plasma, RBC, Platelets, WBC
• What is the basic composition of blood by percentage?

  Plasma 55%, WBC & Platelets 4%, RBC 41%
• What is the blood volume percentage in the body?

  • Blood: 8%
  • Other fluids and tissues: 92%
• What is the percentage of plasma by weight?

  Plasma is 55% by volume
• What are the components of plasma by percentage?

  Proteins 7%, Water 92%, Other solutes 1%
• What is the typical range of platelets in blood?

  140,000-340,000
• What is the typical range of leukocytes in blood?

  5,000-10,000
• What is the typical range of erythrocytes for men?

  1. 7-6.1 million
• What is the typical range of erythrocytes for women?

  1. 2-5.4 million
• What does the number of RBCs indicate?

  It measures the blood's oxygen carrying capacity
• What are the components of formed elements in blood?

  • Platelets: 4.8%
  • Red blood cells: 95.1%
  • White blood cells: 0.1%
• What is the percentage of plasma in blood?

  55%
• What are the main proteins found in plasma and their percentages?

  • Albumin: 57%-60%
  • Globulins: 38%
  • Fibrinogen: 4%
  • Prothrombin: 1%
• What are the other solutes found in plasma?

  • Ions
  • Nutrients
  • Waste products
  • Gases
  • Regulatory substances
• What are the types of leukocytes and their percentages?

  • Neutrophils: 40%-60%
  • Lymphocytes: 20%-40%
  • Monocytes: 2%-8%
  • Eosinophils: 2%-4%
  • Basophils: 0.5%-1%
• What is the composition of plasma in terms of electrolytes and other components?

  • Electrolytes
  • Water: 92%
  • Proteins: 7%
  • Wastes
  • Nutrients
  • Gases
  • Vitamins
  • Hormones
• What is the process of hematopoiesis?

  • Blood stem cell
  • Myeloid stem cell
  • Lymphoid stem cell
  • Myeloblast
  • Lymphoblast
  • Granulocytes
  • B lymphocyte
  • T lymphocyte
  • Platelets
  • White blood cells
• What are the dimensions of a red blood cell?

  1. 5 micrometers x 2.0 micrometers
• What is the typical RBC count for men?

  1. 7-6.1 million
• What is the typical RBC count for women?

  1. 2-5.4 million
• How does the RBC count relate to oxygen carrying capacity?

  Higher RBC count indicates greater oxygen capacity
• What is the lifecycle of a red blood cell (RBC)?

  Produced in the bone marrow, lives in circulation
• What nutrients are essential for RBC production?

  Vitamin B₁₂, folic acid, and iron
• What is the primary function of albumins in blood plasma?

  Colloid osmotic pressure
• What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

  It carries oxygen around the body
• What role do globulins play in blood plasma?

  Transport or other molecules/antibodies
• What is the function of fibrinogen in blood plasma?

  Aids clotting
• What types of substances are found in blood plasma?

  Gases, nutrients, non-protein substances, electrolytes
• What are the components of hemoglobin?

  Four globin chains, including heme molecules
• How many alpha and beta chains are in hemoglobin?

  2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
• What are the main components of blood plasma?

  • Plasma proteins:
  • Albumins
  • Globulins
  • Fibrinogen
  • Gases
  • Nutrients
  • Non-protein substances
  • Electrolytes
• What gives red blood cells their red appearance?

  The iron in the heme group
• What are the types of white blood cells (WBC)?

  Granulocytes and agranulocytes
• Name the types of granulocytes.

  Basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil
• Name the types of agranulocytes.

  Monocytes and lymphocytes
• What is the normal range for total WBC count?

  4,800 - 10,800 cells/μl
• What is the function of white blood cells?

  Fight infection and protect from invaders
• What percentage of neutrophils are found in WBCs?

  50-70%
• What percentage of eosinophils are found in WBCs?

  1. 4%
• What percentage of basophils are found in WBCs?

  0.5-1%