MANUEL ROXAS

• When and where was Manuel Acuña Roxas born?


  He was born in 1892 in Capiz City
• What academic achievement did Roxas attain at U.P LAW?


  He was a valedictorian and a topnotcher in 1913.
• What notable position did Roxas hold at the age of 30?


  He became the Speaker of the House, a position he held for 11 years.
• Why is Roxas referred to as the last president of the Commonwealth?


  He was president when the Philippines gained independence in 1946, marking the end of the Commonwealth.
• What significant economic concept did Roxas establish?


  The Central Bank of the Philippines.
• What did the Bell Trade Act establish regarding Philippine exports?


  It set quotas on exports to the U.S. and pegged the peso to the dollar at a rate of 2:1
• How much funding did the Tydings Rehabilitation Act provide for the Philippines?


  It provided 100 million dollars through loans for repairs after the war.
• What rights did the Parity Rights grant to U.S. citizens?


  It granted them rights to use Philippine natural resources equal to those of Philippine citizens.
• What was established by the Military Bases Agreement (PH & US alliance ) ?

  It allowed the U.S. to use military bases in the Philippines.
• What economic issues did Roxas face during his presidency?


  Struggling economy, low productivity, and high unemployment
• What scandals emerged during Roxas's administration?

  • Surplus War Property Scandal : Alleged corruption in selling surplus U.S. military property post-World War II, with officials accused of profiting during Roxas's presidency.
  • School Supplies Scandal: Corruption allegations in school supply procurement, involving inflated prices and kickbacks, causing public outcry.
  • Chinese Immigration Scandals: Accusations of corruption related to the influx of Chinese immigrants, raising concerns about illegal immigration and competition with Filipino businesses.
• What was a major flaw in the Bell Trade Act (export, peso 2 is to 1 ) and according to Roxas's critics?


  It primarily benefited the U.S. more than the Philippines.
• What ultimately led to Roxas's death


  He suffered a heart attack after a speech on April 15, 1948
• Shortest presidential term 1 year 10 months 22 days