FERDINAND E. MARCOS

• When did Ferdinand E. Marcos serve as President of the Philippines?

  December 30, 1965, to February 25, 1986
• What is significant about Marcos's presidency in terms of duration?

  He was the longest-ruling president of the Philippines (21 years )
• What policy did Marcos declare on September 21, 1972?


  Martial Law
• What infrastructure projects were completed during Marcos's regime?

  North Luzon Expressway, South Luzon Expressway, Maharlika Highway, Circumferential Roads 1-10, San Juanico Bridge, and Mactan-Mandaue Bridge
• How did Marcos address the energy crisis?


  His government completed 20 power plants
• What significant land reform measure did Marcos sign?

  Emancipation of Tenants from the Bondage of the Soil (Presidential Decree No.27) in 1972
• What was a major issue with the Philippines' external debt during Marcos's presidency?


  External debt increased from $4.1 billion to $24.4 billion
• How did Marcos restrict freedom of expression?


  He shut down media outlets and imposed censorship
• What were the human rights violations reported during Marcos's regime?


  Approximately 3,257 people were killed
• What criticism did Marcos face regarding foreign investment?


  Increased foreign investment hindered indigenous growth
• What happened to prices during Marcos's presidency?

  Prices rose significantly, causing food shortages
• Brilliant , Wisdom, Inteligence
• • Notable medical institutions were also built during Marcos's regime, such as the Philippine Heart Center, Lung Center of the Philippines, and National Kidney and Transplant Institute
• The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP), Folks Arts Theater, Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), National Arts Center, Nayong Pilipino, and the People's Park in the Sky were constructed during Marcos Sr.'s regime to promote Filipino heritage and culture
• Presidential Decree No. 932 or the “Study Now, Pay Later”
• Tony Agpaoa - known doctor at his time
• Ninoy should be president replacement , same brotherhood ( fraternity ) UPSILON SIGMA PHI
• Imelda Marcos - Pantasya ng mga Senador