Renal system

Cards (46)

  • What are the main organs of the renal system?
    Kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra
  • What is the primary function of the renal system?
    To filter waste from the blood
  • How big is a human kidney?
    About the size of a fist
  • What supplies each kidney with blood?
    A renal artery
  • How many nephrons are in each kidney?
    About a million nephrons
  • How much blood passes through the kidneys each day?
    About 160-180 litres
  • How much urine do the kidneys produce daily?
    About 1.5 litres
  • What surrounds the kidney?
    A renal capsule and the cortex
  • What happens to urine formed in the cortex?
    It passes through the minor calyx
  • What is the pathway of urine from the calyx?
    From calyx to renal pelvis
  • What is the role of the renal pelvis?
    It funnels urine towards the ureter
  • How does urine move from the renal pelvis?
    It continues down the ureter
  • What process moves urine through the ureter?
    Peristalsis
  • What is the function of the urethra?
    To transport urine outside the body
  • What muscle primarily controls the bladder?
    The sphincter muscle
  • What happens when you drink a lot of water?
    Blood volume increases
  • How does the pituitary gland respond to increased blood volume?
    It reduces production of ADH
  • What is the effect of reduced ADH on the nephron?
    Less water is reabsorbed
  • What is necessary to maintain water balance in the body?
    Fluid intake must match fluid output
  • Why is water balance essential for the body?
    Most reactions occur in water
  • What are the sources of fluid intake?
    Food and drink consumed
  • What are the sources of fluid output?
    Urine, faeces, sweat, expired air
  • How does homeostasis indicate the need for more water?
    You become thirsty and urine darkens
  • What can indicate dehydration through skin condition?
    Elasticity of your skin
  • What happens if the nephron does not filter blood adequately?
    Waste accumulates in the body
  • What can cause nephron dysfunction?
    Injury, disease, or age deterioration
  • What disease is mentioned that affects the renal system?
    Diabetes
  • Is diabetes usually reversible?
    No, it is usually irreversible
  • How can injury affect the renal system?
    It can affect blood flow to the kidney
  • How does age affect the renal system?
    It can lead to deterioration of function
  • What is a common symptom of renal disorders?
    Fatigue
  • Which symptom indicates renal issues related to urination?
    Weeing more often
  • What does renal failure indicate about kidney function?
    The kidneys are not working correctly
  • What are the most common causes of renal failure?
    Diabetes and high blood pressure
  • What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
    An infection that affects the urinary tract
  • What is a symptom of a urinary tract infection?
    Cloudy wee
  • How does bacteria cause a UTI?
    Bacteria from poo enters the urinary tract
  • What are the treatments for renal failure?
    • Dialysis
    • Kidney transplant
  • What are the treatments for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
    • Self-care advice
    • Antibiotics
    • Vaginal cream/ointment
    • Urine drainage
    • Urethroplasty
  • What symptom might indicate a urinary tract infection related to urination urgency?
    Weeing more urgently