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Physics
Half Life
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Created by
Rabail Adnan
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Cards (38)
What is the nature of radioactive decay?
Random
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Why can't we predict when a specific atom will decay?
Because
radioactive decay
is random
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What can be estimated over a longer period of time regarding radioactive decay?
Half-life
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What is the definition of half-life?
Time for
nuclei
to halve
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How is half-life measured in terms of radiation?
Time for count-rate to
halve
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Is half-life unique to each radioactive element?
Yes
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What is required to calculate an accurate estimate of half-life?
Many repeat
readings
over time
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How can decay curves be used in radioactivity?
To determine the
half-life
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What does a count-rate-time graph show?
Count-rate
against
time
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What happens every time the count-rate halves?
A
half-life
has passed
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What is the half-life of Uranium-235?
704 million years
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What is the half-life of Plutonium-239?
24,110
years
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What is the half-life of Carbon-14?
5,730
years
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What is the half-life of Technetium-99m?
6 hours
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What is the half-life of Polonium-218?
3
minutes
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What are some uses of radioactive materials?
Smoke alarms
Cancer treatment
Carbon dating
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How is beta radiation used in measuring thickness?
Monitors
thickness
of
materials
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What does a constant level of radiation indicate in thickness measurement?
Regular
thickness
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How does gamma radiation sterilise medical equipment?
Kills
microbes
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How does alpha radiation function in smoke alarms?
Ionises
air for current flow
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What happens when smoke is present in a smoke alarm?
Blocks
current
and sets off alarm
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Why do alpha sources in smoke alarms have long half-lives?
They don't need constant replacement
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How are radioactive materials used as medical tracers?
To
image
organs
and monitor flows
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What is Technetium-99m used for?
Medical
imaging
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Why is Technetium-99m's short half-life beneficial?
Remains
detectable
without long radiation
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How is gamma radiation used in cancer treatment?
Directed at
cancerous
cells
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Why are long half-life sources used in cancer treatment?
Powerful
and
less frequent
changes
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What is Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT)?
Injecting
alpha radiation
into
tumours
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Why is alpha radiation better for certain treatments?
Weak
penetrating power
protects healthy cells
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How is carbon-14 used in dating?
To date
organic
ancient artefacts
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What happens to carbon-14 absorption after an organism dies?
It stops, leading to
isotope
decay
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How can we estimate the age of an object using carbon-14?
By counting
half-lives
since death
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If a bone has 25% of carbon-14, how old is it?
11,460
years
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How many half-lives have passed if 25% of carbon-14 remains?
Two
half-lives
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What does the decay curve for carbon-14 indicate?
Typical
decay pattern over time
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What is the maximum age carbon-14 can effectively date?
100,000
years
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Why is prolonged exposure to radiation dangerous?
It can harm
healthy
cells
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How does the use of alpha radiation in TAT differ from gamma radiation?
Alpha
radiation targets
tumours
directly
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