Half Life

Cards (38)

  • What is the nature of radioactive decay?
    Random
  • Why can't we predict when a specific atom will decay?
    Because radioactive decay is random
  • What can be estimated over a longer period of time regarding radioactive decay?
    Half-life
  • What is the definition of half-life?
    Time for nuclei to halve
  • How is half-life measured in terms of radiation?
    Time for count-rate to halve
  • Is half-life unique to each radioactive element?
    Yes
  • What is required to calculate an accurate estimate of half-life?
    Many repeat readings over time
  • How can decay curves be used in radioactivity?
    To determine the half-life
  • What does a count-rate-time graph show?
    Count-rate against time
  • What happens every time the count-rate halves?
    A half-life has passed
  • What is the half-life of Uranium-235?
    704 million years
  • What is the half-life of Plutonium-239?
    24,110 years
  • What is the half-life of Carbon-14?
    5,730 years
  • What is the half-life of Technetium-99m?
    6 hours
  • What is the half-life of Polonium-218?
    3 minutes
  • What are some uses of radioactive materials?
    • Smoke alarms
    • Cancer treatment
    • Carbon dating
  • How is beta radiation used in measuring thickness?
    Monitors thickness of materials
  • What does a constant level of radiation indicate in thickness measurement?
    Regular thickness
  • How does gamma radiation sterilise medical equipment?
    Kills microbes
  • How does alpha radiation function in smoke alarms?
    Ionises air for current flow
  • What happens when smoke is present in a smoke alarm?
    Blocks current and sets off alarm
  • Why do alpha sources in smoke alarms have long half-lives?
    They don't need constant replacement
  • How are radioactive materials used as medical tracers?
    To image organs and monitor flows
  • What is Technetium-99m used for?
    Medical imaging
  • Why is Technetium-99m's short half-life beneficial?
    Remains detectable without long radiation
  • How is gamma radiation used in cancer treatment?
    Directed at cancerous cells
  • Why are long half-life sources used in cancer treatment?
    Powerful and less frequent changes
  • What is Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT)?
    Injecting alpha radiation into tumours
  • Why is alpha radiation better for certain treatments?
    Weak penetrating power protects healthy cells
  • How is carbon-14 used in dating?
    To date organic ancient artefacts
  • What happens to carbon-14 absorption after an organism dies?
    It stops, leading to isotope decay
  • How can we estimate the age of an object using carbon-14?
    By counting half-lives since death
  • If a bone has 25% of carbon-14, how old is it?
    11,460 years
  • How many half-lives have passed if 25% of carbon-14 remains?
    Two half-lives
  • What does the decay curve for carbon-14 indicate?
    Typical decay pattern over time
  • What is the maximum age carbon-14 can effectively date?
    100,000 years
  • Why is prolonged exposure to radiation dangerous?
    It can harm healthy cells
  • How does the use of alpha radiation in TAT differ from gamma radiation?
    Alpha radiation targets tumours directly