bioenergetics

• What is photosynthesis?

  The process by which plants make glucose
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  It is an endothermic reaction
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?

  CO​2
• What is the chemical symbol for water?

  H​2​O
• What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

  O​2
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  C​6​H​12​O​6
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Temperature, light intensity, CO​2 concentration, chlorophyll amount
• How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Increases until enzymes denature
• How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Higher light intensity increases the rate

  
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as carbon dioxide concentration increases?

  The rate of reaction increases

  
• Why is chlorophyll important for photosynthesis?

  It converts light energy to food
• What happens if chlorophyll levels are reduced?

  The rate of photosynthesis decreases
• How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?

  • Measure oxygen production
  • Use pondweed in water
  • Seal with a bung
  • Use a capillary tube and syringe
  • Measure bubble distance to calculate volume
• What variables can be changed in a photosynthesis experiment?

  Temperature, time, light intensity
• What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  An environmental condition restricting the rate
• How can you identify a graph with one limiting factor?

  One line levels off with one factor
• What does a graph with two lines represent?

  Two limiting factors in two experiments
• How is light intensity measured?

  In lux
• What does the inverse square law describe?

  Light intensity decreases with distance
• If a lamp is 2 meters away, what is the light intensity?

  It is a ¼ of its original value
• What are the uses of glucose from photosynthesis?

  1. For respiration
  2. Converted into insoluble starch for storage
  3. To produce fat or oil for storage
  4. To produce cellulose for cell walls
  5. Combined with nitrates to form amino acids
• What is respiration?

  The process of transferring energy from glucose
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What happens during exercise regarding respiration?

  More energy and oxygen are needed
• What increases during exercise to supply more oxygen?

  Heart rate, breathing rate, breath volume
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  C​6​H​12​O​6​ + O​2​ → CO​2​ + H​2​O
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration without oxygen
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Lactic acid
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is oxygen debt?

  Extra oxygen needed after exercise
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  It is transported to the liver for conversion
• What is metabolism?

  • Sum of all reactions in a cell or body
  • Energy from respiration used to make new molecules
  • Controlled by enzymes
• What are examples of metabolic reactions?

  1. Glucose to starch, glycogen, cellulose
  2. Glycerol and fatty acids forming lipids
  3. Glucose and nitrate ions forming amino acids
  4. Reactions in respiration
  5. Urea formation from protein breakdown