the working memory model

• What does WMM stand for?

  Working Memory Model
• Who developed the Working Memory Model?

  Baddeley and Hitch
• What does the WMM explain?

  How short-term memory is organized
• What activities does WMM relate to?

  Arithmetic, chess, and language comprehension
• What are the components of the Working Memory Model?

  • Central Executive (CE)
  • Visual Spatial Sketchpad (VSS)
  • Phonological Loop (PL)
  • Episodic Buffer (EB)
• What is the role of the Central Executive (CE)?

  It allocates tasks to slave systems
• How does the CE manage attention?

  By deciding which information to process
• Give an example of CE in action.

  Attention while driving a car
• What does the Phonological Loop (PL) deal with?

  Auditory information
• What are the two subdivisions of the Phonological Loop?

  Phonological store and articulatory control system
• What is the function of the phonological store?

  Holds words and sounds we hear
• What does the articulatory control system do?

  Repeats information we have listened to
• How long can the articulatory control system hold information?

  No more than 2 seconds
• What does the Visual Spatial Sketchpad (VSS) consist of?

  Visual cache and inner scribe
• What type of information does the VSS deal with?

  Visual and spatial information
• How would you use the VSS to draw a flower?

  Hold a mental image while drawing
• What is the function of the episodic buffer (EB)?

  Provides temporary storage and integrates information
• When was the episodic buffer added to the WMM?

  In 2000
• What does the episodic buffer maintain?

  A sense of time for events occurring
• Why did Rashine find it difficult to revise while listening to music?

  Music interferes with her phonological store
• What does the case study of KF demonstrate?

  Subdivisions of short-term memory exist
• What did Robins et al. (1996) study show?

  Each store has limited capacity
• What is a weakness of studies on WMM?

  They lack ecological validity
• Why are tasks in WMM studies considered artificial?

  They do not accurately represent everyday life
• What criticism exists regarding the central executive?

  It is too simplistic and poorly defined
• What do critics argue about the central executive's nature?

  It is unfalsifiable and lacks clarity
• What are the strengths of the Working Memory Model?

  • Clinical evidence from case studies (e.g., KF)
  • Supporting evidence from dual-task studies
• What are the weaknesses of the Working Memory Model?

  • Lack of ecological validity
  • Criticism of the central executive's definition