electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

• What is the primary function of cellular respiration?

  To produce energy in the form of ATP
• What does cellular respiration consume and produce?

  Consumes O2 and produces CO2
• What are the pathways of respiration?

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Krebs Cycle
  3. Electron Transport Chain
• What is the energy currency used by cells?

  ATP
• What does a reducing chemical reaction do?

  Adds an electron to the substrate
• What is glycolysis and its significance?

  • First step in glucose breakdown
  • Extracts energy for cellular metabolism
  • Carried out by nearly all living organisms
  • Anaerobic process (does not use oxygen)
  • Takes place in cytoplasm of all cells
• What occurs during the second half of glycolysis?

  ATP is made
• What happens to pyruvate if oxygen is available?

  • Aerobic respiration proceeds
  • Pyruvate is transported into mitochondria
  • Transformed into acetyl CoA
• What is the role of coenzyme A (CoA) in cellular respiration?

  Activates the acetyl group
• What vitamin is coenzyme A made from?

  Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
• What is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group?

  Carbon dioxide
• What do the electrons added to NAD+ do?

  They go to another pathway for ATP production
• During which conversion is ATP produced?

  Succinyl CoA into succinate
• How many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the citric acid cycle?

  Three
• What compound receives electrons from NADH?

  FMN (Flavin mononucleotide)
• What does chemiosmosis involve?

  The movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane
• What is the significance of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

  It generates ATP through proton gradient