Swallowing

• Tongue moves up and back; pushes bolus into oropharynx; can be consciously controlled


  voluntary phase
• Uvula and soft palate reflexively elevate to close nasopharynx


  pharyngeal phase
• Bolus enters esophagus and peristalsis begins


  esophageal phase
• Pharyngeal and esophageal phases are


  involuntarily controlled