what is the angle between the incoming wave and the normal?
angle of incidence
what is the angle between the reflected wave and the normal?
angle of reflection
what is specular reflection?
when waves are reflected in a single direction by a smooth surface
what is diffuse reflection?
when waves are reflected by a rough surface, and the waves are reflected in all directions
what is total internal reflection?
the wave is reflected back into the material
when does a wave experience total internal reflection?
when the wave travels through a dense material towards a less dense substance
what happens when light is reflected by something rough?
the surface looks matt, and you don't get a clear reflection
which colour has the longest wavelength?
red
which colour has the highest frequency?
violet
which colour reflects all of the wavelengths of visible light equally?
white
which colour absorbs all wavelengths of visible light?
black
what is the shape of a converging lens?
bulges outwards in the middle
what is the shape of a diverging lens?
caves inwards
what is the principal focus of a converging lens?
where rays hitting the lens parallel to the axis all meet
what is the principal focus of a diverging lens?
where rays hitting the lens parallel to the axis appear
what is the focal length?
the distance from the centre of the lens to the principle focus
what is another name for a converging lens?
convex lens
what is another name for a diverging lens?
concave lens
when is a real image formed?
when the light rays actually cometogether to form the image
when is a virtual image formed?
when the light rays from the object appear to be coming from a completely different place to where they are actually coming from. The light rays don't actually come together