White blood cell

• What are white blood cells also known as?

  Leukocytes
• What is the primary role of white blood cells?

  To protect the body from pathogens
• How do white blood cells respond to pathogens?

  They travel in the bloodstream to tissues
• Why is the nucleus of a white blood cell described as lobed?

  It allows flexibility to enter tissues
• Where are white blood cells produced?

  In the bone marrow
• What is the process called when stem cells become specialized?

  Differentiation
• What is the function of lysosomes in neutrophils?

  To digest engulfed bacteria
• What type of pathogens do neutrophils primarily attack?

  Bacteria and fungi
• How do neutrophils locate bacteria?

  By responding to chemicals released by bacteria
• What distinguishes B cells and T cells from neutrophils?

  B and T cells are specific to pathogens
• What type of cells are natural killer cells?

  A type of lymphocyte
• What is the role of receptors on B and T cells?

  To detect specific pathogens
• How do neutrophils move through capillaries?

  By squeezing through pores in the walls
• What are the differences between neutrophils and lymphocytes?

  Neutrophils are non-specific; lymphocytes are specific
• What is a pathogen?

  An organism that can cause disease
• What happens when a cell is infected by a virus?

  Natural killer cells attack the infected cell
• How do white blood cells enter tissues from the bloodstream?

  By squeezing through capillary walls
• What are the main types of white blood cells and their functions?

  • Neutrophils: Attack bacteria and fungi, non-specific
  • Lymphocytes: B cells (specific to one virus), T cells (specific to infected cells), Natural killer cells (non-specific)
• Compare the structure and function of neutrophils and lymphocytes.

  • Neutrophils: Lobed nucleus, non-specific, engulf pathogens
  • Lymphocytes: Specific receptors, recognize specific pathogens
• What is the significance of the lobed structure of neutrophils' nucleus?

  • Provides flexibility
  • Allows passage through capillary walls
• What is the process of cellular differentiation in white blood cells?

  • Stem cells in bone marrow
  • Specialize into different types of white blood cells
• What are the roles of lysosomes in neutrophils?

  • Contain digestive enzymes
  • Break down engulfed bacteria
• How do white blood cells protect the body from pathogens?

  • Travel through blood vessels
  • Squeeze through capillaries to tissues
  • Attack and digest pathogens
• What is the function of B and T cells in the immune response?

  • B cells: Produce antibodies
  • T cells: Attack infected cells