Muscular

• What is the term for towards the front of the body?

  Anterior
• What does the term 'posterior' refer to?

  Towards the back
• What does 'superior' mean in anatomical language?

  Towards the top
• What does 'inferior' refer to in anatomical terms?

  Towards the bottom
• What are the three planes of movement in anatomical language?

  • FAB: Frontal Abduction, Adduction
  • SEX: Sagittal Extension, Flexion
  • TROT: Transverse Rotation
• What does the FAB plane divide?

  Front and back
• What does the SEX plane divide?

  Left and right
• What does the TROT plane divide?

  Top and bottom
• What is ossification?

  Process of bone growth
• Which minerals are essential for bone growth?

  Calcium and phosphorus
• What are the main functions of the skeleton?

  • Support
  • Protection
  • Attachment of skeletal muscles
  • Sources of blood cells
  • Storage of minerals
  • Movement
• What type of bone is the femur?

  Long bone
• What type of bones are carpals and tarsals?

  Short bones
• What type of bones are the pelvis and scapula?

  Flat bones
• What type of bone is a vertebra?

  Irregular bone
• What type of bone is the patella?

  Sesamoid bone
• What are the components of a synovial joint?

  • Joint capsule
  • Synovial fluid and membrane
  • Bursa
  • Cartilage
  • Ligaments
• What movements occur around joints?

  • Flexion and extension
  • Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
  • Adduction and abduction
  • Eversion and inversion
• What does flexion refer to?

  Decreasing the angle between body parts
• What is the opposite of flexion?

  Extension
• What is plantarflexion?

  Toes pointing down
• What is dorsiflexion?

  Toes pointing up
• What is horizontal flexion?

  Movement like a tennis shot
• What does adduction mean?

  Bringing a limb towards the body
• What does abduction mean?

  Taking a limb away from the body
• What is eversion?

  Ankle turning outward
• What is inversion?

  Ankle turning inward
• What does 'lateral' mean?

  Away from midline
• What does 'medial' mean?

  Towards midline
• What does 'supine' refer to?

  Laying down face up
• What does 'prone' refer to?

  Laying down face down
• What are the main layers of bone anatomy?

  • Periosteum: outer layer
  • Compact bone: hard layer
  • Marrow cavity: red/yellow marrow
  • Cancellous bone: spongy bone
  • Epiphyseal plate: bone growth
  • Epiphysis: end of bone
  • Diaphysis: shaft of bone
• What is the function of osteoclasts?

  Clean and reabsorb old bone
• What do osteoblasts do?

  Build bone with calcium
• What is the role of osteocytes?

  Direct osteoclasts for cleaning
• What bones are part of the axial skeleton?

  • Cranium
  • Clavicle
  • Sternum
  • Ribs
• What are the functions of ligaments?

  • Provide stability to joints
  • Hold bone to bone
• What does 'proximal' mean?

  Near to origin
• What does 'distal' mean?

  Away from origin
• What does 'peripheral' mean?

  Away from center