Ch 8 joints

• What are the major bones in the body?

  Humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula
• What is the role of the skeleton in daily activities?

  It involves movements like breathing and running
• Why must the living skeleton be understood as a dynamic structure?

  Because it consists of structures in motion
• How do movements occur in the skeleton?

  Movements occur where two bones articulate at a joint
• What determines the type of movement permitted at a joint?

  The characteristic structure of every joint
• What is the compromise reflected in each joint of the body?

  A compromise between strength and mobility
• What are the classifications of joints based on structure and function?

  • Structural: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
  • Functional: Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis

  
• What type of joint permits no movement?

  Synarthrotic joints
• What type of joint permits slight movement?

  Amphiarthrotic joints
• What type of joint is freely movable?

  Diarthrotic joints
• What are the three types of synarthrotic joints?

  Fibrous, cartilaginous, bony synarthrotic joints

  
• What is an example of a fibrous synarthrotic joint?

  Sutures between skull bones

  
• What is an example of a cartilaginous synarthrotic joint?

  Epiphyseal plate

  
• What is an example of a bony synarthrotic joint?

  Epiphyseal line
• What do amphiarthrotic joints permit?

  Limited movement
• What are the two types of amphiarthrotic joints?

  Fibrous and cartilaginous types
• What connects bones in fibrous amphiarthrotic joints?

  A short ligament
• What is an example of a fibrous amphiarthrotic joint?

  Ligament between distal tibia and fibula
• What separates bones in cartilaginous amphiarthroses?

  A pad of fibrocartilage
• What is an example of a cartilaginous amphiarthrotic joint?

  IV discs
• What connects bones in fibrous joints?

  Collagen fibers of connective tissue
• What is the characteristic of cartilaginous joints?

  Articulating bones join by cartilage
• What type of cartilage unites bones in synchondroses?

  Hyaline cartilage

  
• What is an example of a synchondrosis?

  Epiphyseal plate of a long bone

  
• What type of cartilage unites bones in symphyses?

  Fibrocartilage

  
• What is the function of fibrocartilage in symphyses?

  Acts as a shock absorber
• What is the characteristic of synovial joints?

  Fluid-containing joint cavity between bones
• What surrounds the synovial joint cavity?

  A bilayered articular capsule
• What type of joint are most joints in the body classified as?

  Diarthrosis
• What are the features of the synovial cavity?

  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Joint cavity
  3. Articular capsule
  4. Synovial fluid
  5. Capsular ligaments
  6. Nerves and blood vessels

  
• What covers the opposing bone surfaces in synovial joints?

  Glassy-smooth hyaline cartilage
• What is the function of synovial fluid?

  Reduces friction between cartilage surfaces
• What is the process called when synovial fluid is squeezed from cartilage?

  Weeping lubrication
• What are the functions of synovial fluid?

  Lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption
• What are capsular ligaments?

  Reinforcing ligaments that strengthen the joint capsule
• What do synovial joints contain that aids in detecting pain?

  Sensory nerve fibers
• What are the six types of synovial joint shapes?

  1. Planar
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Condylar
  5. Saddle
  6. Ball-and-socket

  
• What type of synovial joint allows only flexion and extension?

  Hinge joint

  
• What type of synovial joint permits rotation?

  Pivot joint

  
• What type of movement do condylar joints allow?

  All types of angular motion