The heart —> pressure changes

• What type of tissue is the heart made of?

  Cardiac tissue
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four chambers
• What are the top two chambers of the heart called?

  Atria
• What are the bottom two chambers of the heart called?

  Ventricles
• What separates the left and right sides of the heart?

  The septum
• Why is the septum important?

  It prevents blood from mixing
• Which ventricle is thicker and why?

  Left ventricle for strong contractions
• Why are the walls of the ventricles different from the walls of the atria?

  Ventricles need to pump blood at high pressure
• What is the advantage of a double circulatory system in mammals?

  It allows for efficient oxygen delivery
• What effect would a hole in the septum have on the concentration gradient in the lungs?

  It would disrupt the normal gradient
• How can a hole in the septum lead to a lack of energy?

  It causes inefficient oxygen delivery
• What type of blood enters the right side of the heart?

  Deoxygenated blood
• Into which chamber does deoxygenated blood enter the right side of the heart?

  Right atrium
• Where does blood from the right ventricle travel?

  To the lungs
• What type of blood enters the left side of the heart?

  Oxygenated blood
• Into which chamber does oxygenated blood enter the left side of the heart?

  Left atrium
• Where does blood from the left ventricle travel?

  To the body
• What is the function of the coronary arteries?

  Supply blood to the heart muscle
• What blood vessel brings blood into the right atrium?

  Vena cava
• What blood vessel enters the left atrium?

  Pulmonary vein
• What blood vessel leaves the right ventricle?

  Pulmonary artery
• What blood vessel leaves the left ventricle?

  Aorta
• What is the general function of valves in the heart?

  Maintain one-way blood flow
• What is the function of the semi-lunar valve?

  Separates ventricle and arteries
• What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

  Separates right atrium and right ventricle
• What is the function of the bicuspid valve?

  Separates left atrium and left ventricle
• Why are tendons important in the heart?

  They prevent valves from flipping inside out
• What is the cardiac cycle?

  Sequence of filling and pumping blood
• What is systole?

  Contraction phase of the heart
• What is diastole?

  Relaxation phase of the heart
• How does pressure change during the cardiac cycle?

  Pressure rises during contraction
• How do heart valves function?

  Open and close based on pressure differences
• What happens to the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction?

  They close to prevent backflow
• What happens to the semi-lunar valves during ventricular relaxation?

  They close to prevent backflow
• What causes the atrioventricular valves to open?

  Atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure
• What causes the semi-lunar valves to open?

  Ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure
• What happens when the ventricles contract?

  Blood is pumped into major arteries
• What happens when the ventricles relax?

  Blood pressure in arteries exceeds ventricular pressure
• What is the relationship between pressure and contraction of heart chambers?

  Pressure rises when chambers contract
• What happens to the pressure in a chamber as it fills with blood?

  Pressure rises as it fills