Henry VIII vs Henry VII

• What character traits describe Henry VII?

  Pragmatic, miserly, long-headed, calculated
• What was Henry VIII's status in 1502?

  Heir to the throne
• What subjects did Henry VIII study under his tutors?

  Languages, arithmetic, sports, and music
• What happened after the death of Henry VIII's mother and sons?

  He had his own suite in Richmond Palace
• Who were executed by Henry VIII?

  Empson and Dudley
• How was Henry VIII received by the public after executing Empson and Dudley?

  He was well-appraised and welcomed
• What was the nature of Henry VIII's council?

  He had many councillors who advised him
• How is Henry VIII described in terms of personality?

  Young, attractive, flamboyant, chivalrous
• What were Henry VIII's ambitions regarding France?

  He wanted to conquer large areas of France
• How did Henry VIII manage his responsibilities?

  He left tedious jobs to advisors like Wolsey
• What character traits describe Henry VIII?

  Ruthless, warrior king, educated, pious
• How is Henry VIII described in terms of his contributions to the arts?

  He was a patron of the arts
• What was a notable weakness of Henry VIII?

  Lack of consistent work ethic
• What methods did Henry VII use to control factions and consolidate power?

  • Backdated his reign to 1485
  • Married Elizabeth of York
  • Called parliament five times early on
  • Dealt with pretenders Simnel and Warbeck
  • Used punishments to show mercy or ruthlessness
  • Responded to domestic rebellions with military force
  • Employed a carrot and stick method with nobility
  • Utilized bonds, recognizances, and Acts of Attainder
  • Maintained wealth and power through a spy network
• What was Henry VIII's approach to the nobility compared to his father?

  He reestablished their status and involvement
• What significant action did Henry VIII take regarding bonds and recognizances?

  He canceled over 175 of them
• Who was executed in 1521 for plotting against Henry VIII?

  Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham
• What were the key treaties in Henry VII's foreign policy?

  • Treaty of Medina Del Campo (Spain, 1489)
  • Intercursus Malus and Magnus (Burgundy)
  • Treaty of Ayton (Scotland)
  • Treaty of Redon and Etaples (France)
• How did Henry VIII establish his international status?

  Through marriage, marrying Catherine of Aragon
• What title did Henry VIII aspire to achieve?

  Imperial King, like Henry V
• When did Henry VIII marry Catherine of Aragon?

  June 11, 1509
• Who were the key individuals Henry VIII relied on for governance?

  Wolsey and Cromwell
• How did Henry VIII's attitude towards government differ from Henry VII's?

  He had a strong disdain for government business
• What activities characterized Henry VIII's courtly life?

  Pageants, revelry, sports, hunting, tournaments
• What was the significant change in the structure of government during Henry VIII's reign?

  The conciliar form of government was dissolved
• What were the two periods when governing through council made a comeback during Henry VIII's reign?

  1529-32 and 1540-47
• Who were the chief ministers that shaped the structures of government under Henry VIII?

  Thomas Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell
• When was the Council Learned abolished?

  January 1510
• Who played a key role in the disposal of Council members at the start of Henry's reign?

  Richard Fox
• What was the impact of abolishing the Council Learned on Henry VIII's popularity?

  It increased his popularity among the nobility
• How did Cromwell exploit legislative possibilities in the second half of Henry VIII's reign?

  He used them more thoroughly than before
• What was the role of the Privy Chamber before 1519?

  It lay outside Wolsey's immediate control
• Who were the 'minions' in Henry VIII's court?

  Young courtiers enjoying Henry's favour
• What happened to the minions after Wolsey's intervention in 1519?

  Most managed to recover their positions
• How did Henry VIII's government differ from Henry VII's in terms of reliance on individuals?

  Henry VIII relied more on key individuals
• What was the financial legacy Henry VIII inherited from his father?

  About £300,000
• How did Henry VIII's spending habits compare to those of Henry VII?

  He spent more and was less miserly
• What significant change did Wolsey make in tax collection?

  He set up a national committee
• What annual income did the Treaty of Etaples provide Henry VIII?

  £5,000 annually
• How did Henry VIII's approach to finances differ from his father's?

  He focused on spending for wars and whims