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Chemistry
Using resources
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Trinity Pooley
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Cards (53)
What is the purpose of using the Earth's natural resources in manufacturing?
To create useful products
sustainably
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What do chemists aim to minimize in manufacturing processes?
Use of
limited resources
and environmental impact
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What is the significance of environmental chemists' studies?
To understand human impact on
natural cycles
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What are the key opportunities for skills development in using Earth's resources?
State examples of natural products
Distinguish between
finite
and
renewable resources
Extract and interpret information from data
Use
orders of magnitude
for data significance
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What is potable water?
Water safe for
human consumption
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What are the methods used to produce potable water in the UK?
Choosing a source,
filtering
, and sterilizing
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What agents are used for sterilizing potable water?
Chlorine
,
ozone
, or
ultraviolet
light
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What is required if fresh water supplies are limited?
Desalination
of salty water
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What are the two methods of desalination mentioned?
Distillation
and
reverse osmosis
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What are the steps involved in sewage treatment?
Screening and grit removal
Sedimentation
to produce
sludge
and
effluent
Anaerobic digestion
of sludge
Aerobic biological treatment
of effluent
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What alternative methods are used for extracting metals?
Phytomining
and
bioleaching
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How does phytomining work?
Plants absorb
metal compounds
, then
burned
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What is bioleaching?
Bacteria
produce leachate solutions with metals
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What is a life cycle assessment (LCA)?
Assesses environmental impact of products
Stages include:
Extracting and processing raw materials
Manufacturing and packaging
Use and operation
Disposal at end of life
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Why is LCA not a purely objective process?
It requires value judgments for
pollutants
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How can students carry out simple comparative LCAs?
By comparing
plastic
and
paper
shopping bags
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What skills are developed through practical activities in chemistry?
Analysis
and purification of water samples
Measurement of pH and dissolved solids
Distillation techniques
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Why is assigning numerical values to pollutant effects not straightforward?
It requires
value judgements
, making
LCA
subjective
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What can selective or abbreviated LCAs be misused for?
To support
pre-determined
advertising claims
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What should students be able to carry out comparative LCAs for?
Shopping bags made from
plastic
and
paper
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What should LCAs compare regarding a product's life stages?
The
environmental impact
of each stage
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When should LCAs be quantified?
When data is
readily available
for resources
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What should students be able to interpret regarding LCAs?
LCAs of
materials
or products with information
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What is one skill students should recognize in decimal form?
Expressions
in decimal form
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What is one skill related to ratios, fractions, and percentages?
Use ratios, fractions, and percentages
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How can the reduction in use, reuse, and recycling of materials impact resources?
It reduces waste and
environmental
impacts
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What are some materials produced from limited raw materials?
Metals
, glass, building materials,
plastics
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What environmental impact does quarrying and mining have?
It
causes
environmental impacts
from
extraction
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What can glass bottles be done with after use?
They can be reused or
recycled
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How can metals be recycled?
By
melting
and recasting or reforming
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What does the amount of separation required for recycling depend on?
Material type
and
properties
of the final product
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What is corrosion?
Destruction of materials by
chemical reactions
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What is an example of corrosion?
Rusting
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What two elements are necessary for iron to rust?
Air
and water
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How can corrosion be prevented?
By applying a
protective coating
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What protective feature does aluminium have?
An
oxide coating
that prevents
corrosion
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What is sacrificial protection?
Using a more
reactive
metal to protect
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What are two examples of alloys?
Bronze
and
brass
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How is the proportion of gold in an alloy measured?
In
carats
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What is the composition of high carbon steel?
Iron
with
specific
amounts of carbon
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