Using resources

    Cards (53)

    • What is the purpose of using the Earth's natural resources in manufacturing?
      To create useful products sustainably
    • What do chemists aim to minimize in manufacturing processes?
      Use of limited resources and environmental impact
    • What is the significance of environmental chemists' studies?
      To understand human impact on natural cycles
    • What are the key opportunities for skills development in using Earth's resources?
      • State examples of natural products
      • Distinguish between finite and renewable resources
      • Extract and interpret information from data
      • Use orders of magnitude for data significance
    • What is potable water?
      Water safe for human consumption
    • What are the methods used to produce potable water in the UK?
      Choosing a source, filtering, and sterilizing
    • What agents are used for sterilizing potable water?
      Chlorine, ozone, or ultraviolet light
    • What is required if fresh water supplies are limited?
      Desalination of salty water
    • What are the two methods of desalination mentioned?
      Distillation and reverse osmosis
    • What are the steps involved in sewage treatment?
      1. Screening and grit removal
      2. Sedimentation to produce sludge and effluent
      3. Anaerobic digestion of sludge
      4. Aerobic biological treatment of effluent
    • What alternative methods are used for extracting metals?
      Phytomining and bioleaching
    • How does phytomining work?
      Plants absorb metal compounds, then burned
    • What is bioleaching?
      Bacteria produce leachate solutions with metals
    • What is a life cycle assessment (LCA)?
      • Assesses environmental impact of products
      • Stages include:
      1. Extracting and processing raw materials
      2. Manufacturing and packaging
      3. Use and operation
      4. Disposal at end of life
    • Why is LCA not a purely objective process?
      It requires value judgments for pollutants
    • How can students carry out simple comparative LCAs?
      By comparing plastic and paper shopping bags
    • What skills are developed through practical activities in chemistry?
      • Analysis and purification of water samples
      • Measurement of pH and dissolved solids
      • Distillation techniques
    • Why is assigning numerical values to pollutant effects not straightforward?
      It requires value judgements, making LCA subjective
    • What can selective or abbreviated LCAs be misused for?
      To support pre-determined advertising claims
    • What should students be able to carry out comparative LCAs for?
      Shopping bags made from plastic and paper
    • What should LCAs compare regarding a product's life stages?
      The environmental impact of each stage
    • When should LCAs be quantified?
      When data is readily available for resources
    • What should students be able to interpret regarding LCAs?
      LCAs of materials or products with information
    • What is one skill students should recognize in decimal form?
      Expressions in decimal form
    • What is one skill related to ratios, fractions, and percentages?
      Use ratios, fractions, and percentages
    • How can the reduction in use, reuse, and recycling of materials impact resources?
      It reduces waste and environmental impacts
    • What are some materials produced from limited raw materials?
      Metals, glass, building materials, plastics
    • What environmental impact does quarrying and mining have?
      It causes environmental impacts from extraction
    • What can glass bottles be done with after use?
      They can be reused or recycled
    • How can metals be recycled?
      By melting and recasting or reforming
    • What does the amount of separation required for recycling depend on?
      Material type and properties of the final product
    • What is corrosion?
      Destruction of materials by chemical reactions
    • What is an example of corrosion?
      Rusting
    • What two elements are necessary for iron to rust?
      Air and water
    • How can corrosion be prevented?
      By applying a protective coating
    • What protective feature does aluminium have?
      An oxide coating that prevents corrosion
    • What is sacrificial protection?
      Using a more reactive metal to protect
    • What are two examples of alloys?
      Bronze and brass
    • How is the proportion of gold in an alloy measured?
      In carats
    • What is the composition of high carbon steel?
      Iron with specific amounts of carbon
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