Fever

• Fever


  • temp 37.5 or above
  • feels hot
• malaria risk


  5% is more than or less than (malaria: causes fever)
• Malaria


  transmitted among humans by female mosquitoes of genus Anopheles
• Malaria


  main symptoms: fever

  • present all the time or go away and return at regular intervals
  • shivering, sweating and vomiting
  • has chronic anemia with no fever
• P.knowlesi


  24 hr of fever
• P falciparum

  P Vivax

  P ovale

  48 hrs of fever
• P malarie

  72 hrs of fever
• Sickle cell gene


  • makes abnormal hemoglobin
  • Abnormal hemoglobin clumps together when it gives up its oxygen
• how longs? (Fever malaria)

  7 days
• Plasmodium Falciparum


  90% of human deaths deadly brain fever
• Plasmodium vivax


  less deadly

  Difficult to treat

  Fever every few months
• Plasmodium ovale


  less common

  less deadly
• Plasmodium Malariae


  less common

  less deadly
• Child with fever and stiff neck

  may have meningitis

  • needs urgent treatment, injectable antibiotics and referral hospital
• Assessment Stiffneck


  • umbilicus/ Toes- draw attention (tickle his toes)
  • bend his neck
  • lie child on his back
• Runny nose

  means child has common colds
• Runny nose


  no/ low malaria risk

  • doesnt need antimalarial
• 3 possible classification malaria risk area

  Malaria risk area- Very severe, febrile disease/ very severe malaria
• Treatment for malaria


  • give one oral antimalarial
  • give 1 dose of paracetamol in health center for high fever (38.5 degrees)
• Malaria Unlikely Treatment


  • one dose paracetamol
  • Follow up in 2 days if fever persist
  • Treat other causes of fever
• Signs of Measle


  • general rash
  • Cough
  • Runny nose
  • red eyes
• Signs of measles


  • red eyes- redness in the white part of the eye
  • Generalized rash- red rash begins behind ear and on neck, it spread to the face
  • some with severe infection
• Measles


  affects skin, cell layers of cells that line the lung, gut, eye, mouth and throat
• 3 possible classification

  1. Severe complicated measles
  2. Measles with eye or mouth complications
  3. Meales
• Severe Complicated measles


  • Clouding of cornea or deep or extensive mouth ulcers
  • Treatment: Give vitamin A treatment, first dose of antibiotic
  • Pus draining from the eyes
• Vitamin A


  give anytime after 6 months, then after 6 months
• Tetracycline Eye Ointment


  • clean both eyes 4 times daily
  • treat until no pus discharge
• Measles (green)


  • measles now or within the last 3 months
  • Give vitamins A
  • 30% of all cases of complication
• DHF IMCI 2 classification

  • Severe DHF
  • Fever: DHF Unlikely
• Capillary Refill (IMCI of fever- DHF)

  Slow- returned after more than 3 secs
• Fever Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Unlikely

  • Do not give aspirin
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever


  • Bleeding
  • Thrombocytopaenia (abnormally low level of platelets)
  • drop in hematocrit