Natural Hazards

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    Created by
    prina

    Cards (19)

    • What are natural hazards?
      Physical events such as earthquakes and volcanoes that have the potential to do damage to humans and property. Hazards include tectonic hazards e.g tropical storms
    • What affects hazard risk?
      • Population growth
      • Global climate change
      • Deforestation
      • Wealth —> LIC particularly a risk as they don’t have the money to protect themselves
    • How many layers does the Earth have and what are they?
      The Earth has 4 layers :
      • Inner Core
      • Outer Core
      • Mantle
      • Crust
    • What is the crust split into?
      Tectonic plates
    • What are the 2 types of crust?
      Oceanic-younger and denser
      Continental-older and thicker
    • Why do tectonic plates move?
      Due to the convection currents in the mantle and where they meet tectonic activities occur
    • What are the types of tectonic plates?
      Constructive-Move towards each other
      Destructive- Move away from each other
      Conservative-Move past each other
    • What happens at constructive margins in volcanoes?
      Magma rises between the plates which forms shield volcanoes
    • What happens at destructive margins in volcanoes?
      an oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate. Friction causes oceanic plate to melt and pressure forces magma up to form composite volcanoes
    • What happens at constructive margins in Earthuakes?
      Small earthquakes as plates move apart
    • What happens at destructive margins in earthquakes?
      violent earthquake as pressure builds and is then released
    • What happens at a conservative margin in earthquakes?
      Plates slide past each other. They catch and then as pressure builds it is released
    • What are PRIMARY effects of earthquake?
      • Properties and buildings destroyed
      • People are injured or killed
      • Pipes(water and gas) and electricity cables broken
    • What are SECONDARY effects of earthquakes?
      • Business reduced as money spent on repairs
      • Broken gas pipes can cause fires
      • Broken water pipes lead to lack of fresh water
    • What are PRIMARY effects of volcanoes?
      Properties and farmland destroyed
      People or animals killed or injured
      Air travel stoped due to ash—> reduction in tourism
      Water supplies contaminated—> Illnesses
    • What are SECONDARY effects of volcanoes?
      Economy slows down. Emergency services struggle to arrive
      Possible flooding if ice melts—>tourism increases as people come to watch.
      Ash breaks down leading to fertile farm land.
    • What are IMMEDIATE( short term ) responses to tectonic hazards?
      -Issue warnings
      -Rescue teams
      -Treat injured
      -Recover bodies
      -Extinguish fires
    • What are LONG-TERM responses to tectonic hazards?
      -Repair and re-build properties and infrastructure
      -Improve building regulations
      -Restore utilities
      -Resettle locals elsewhere
      -Develop opportunities for recovery of economy
      -Install monitoring technology
    • CASE STUDY: NEPAL April 2015
      Primary Effects
      -9000 deaths
      -23000 injured
      -Over 500,000 homes destroyed
      Secondary Effects
      -Avalanche on Mt Everest killing 19 people
      Loss of income from tourism( 8.9% of Nepals GDP )
      -Rice seeds stored in homes ruined as houses collapse
      Caused food shortages
      Immediate Responses
      -Nepal requested international help
      -UK’s DEC raised £126 million
      -Red Cross - tents for 225,000 people
      Long Term Responses
      -Rebuilding
      -Longer climbing seasons
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