Cell biology

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    Created by
    Tahira Miah

    Cards (140)

    • Name 2 eukaryotic cells
      Plant cell
      Animal cell
    • What three things do eukaryotic cells contain
      Cell membrane
      Cytoplasm
      Genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
    • Name a prokaryotic cell
      bacteria cell
    • What five things do bacteria cells contain
      Cell wall
      Cell membrane
      Cytoplasm
      Single circular strand of DNA
      Plasmids
    • What are plasmids and where are they found in a bacteria cell
      small rings of DNA
      cytoplasm
    • Give three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
      • prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
      • prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do
      • prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria whereas eukaryotic cells do
    • Give three similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
      • Both have a cell membrane
      • Both contain ribosomes
      • Both have genetic material in the form of DNA
    • Name the five common size prefixes
      1. Nanometer (nm)
      2. Micrometers (um)
      3. Millimeter (mm)
      4. Centimetre (cm)
      5. Meter (m)
    • Name the 5 sub-cellular structures in an animal cell
      1. Cell membrane
      2. Nucleus
      3. Mitochondria
      4. Ribosomes
      5. Cytoplasm
    • Name the three sub-cellular structures that are found in a plant cell but not an animal cell
      1. vacuole
      2. chloroplast
      3. cell wall
    • What is the function of a nucleus
      contains genetic material and controls the activities inside the cell
    • What is the function of a cell membrane
      holds the cell together and controls what substances can enter and leave the cell
    • what is the function of cytoplasm
      gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happens. It also contains enzymes that controls these chemical reactions.
    • What is the function of mitochondria
      where aerobic respiration takes place
    • What is the function of ribosomes
      where protein syntheses take place
    • What is the function of chloroplasts
      where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plants
    • What is the function of a cell wall
      make of cellulose and it supports and strengthens the cell
    • What is the function of a vacuole
      contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salt
    • What is chlorophyll and where is it found
      it is a green pigment that gives leaves it’s green colour and it is found in the choroplast
    • What are sperm cells specialised for and it’s function
      Reproduction
      The function is to get the male DNA to the female DNA
    • What are nerve cells specialised for and it’s function
      Rapid signalling
      The function is to carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another
    • What are root hair cells specialised for
      absorbing water and minerals
    • What are phloem and xylem cells specialised for
      transporting substances like food and water around plants
    • What are muscle cells specialised for and it’s function
      Contraction
      The function is to contract quickly
    • How are sperm cells adapted to carry out its function
      Long tail and streamlined head to help it swim to the egg
      Many mitochondria to provide energy
      Carries enzymes in the head to digest through the egg cell membrane
    • How are muscle cells adapted to carry out its function
      Long so they have space to contract
      Many mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction
    • How are nerve cells adapted to carry out its function
      Long to cover more distance
      Branched connections at their ends (synapses) to connect to other never cells and form a network throughout the body
    • How are root hair cells adapted to carry out its function
      long hairs that stick out into the soil to give the plant a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions
    • How are phloem cells adapted to carry out its function
      Cells are long and joined together to form tubes
      Very few sub-cellular structures so substances can flow through
    • How are xylem cells adapted to carry out its function 

      Cells are long and joined together to form tubes
      Hollow so substances can flow through
    • What is cell differentiation
      The process of which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
    • At which life stage do animal cells undergo differentiation
      At an early stage after they become specialised
    • Do plant cells ever loose the ability to differentiate and why
      No because plants cells contain meristematic tissues which consists of undifferentiated cells that are capable of dividing and specialising throughout the plants life
    • Cells that differentiate in mature animals are mainly used for two things what are they
      Repairing and replacing cells such as skin or blood cells
    • What are undifferentiated cells called
      Stem cells
    • What can stem cells do when given specific instructions
      Differentiate into various cell types
    • What can stem cells do
      they can divide to produce lots more undifferentiated cells
    • Where are stem cells found it early human development
      in early human embryos
    • Why are embryonic stem cells exciting for doctors and medical researchers
      Because they have the potential to turn into any type of cell
    • Adult stem cells are only found in certain places. Give an example
      bone marrow
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