Organisation

• What are the basic building blocks of all living organisms

  Cells
• What do specialised cells form in multicellular organisms

  tissues
• What is a tissue

  a group of similar cells
• What are examples of tissues in mammals

  muscular, glandular, epithelial
• What is an organ

  a group of different tissues
• What is an organ system

  a group of organs working together to perform a particular function
• What are enzymes


  Catalysts for chemical reactions
• What do enzymes do in living organisms

  speed up chemical reactions
• How can you increase the rate of useful reactions

  by raising the temperature
• Why do living things not function well at high temperatures

  Enzymes can denature
• What is the active site of an enzyme

  region where substrates bind
• What happens to the reactants in an enzyme catalysed reaction

  they bind to the active site
• What is the digestive system made up of

  • glands (pancreas, salivary glands)
  • stomach
  • small and large intestine
  • liver
• What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system

  Produces digestive juices
• What does the liver produce

  bile
• What is the role of the small intestine

  absorbs soluble food molecules
• What does the large intestine absorb

  water from undigested food
• How to organ systems work together

  they perform functions for the organism and they ensure survival and homeostasis
• Why do living things need to control chemical reactions

  to get the right amount of substances
• How can you speed up a chemical reaction

  by raising the temperature
• What is a downside of raising the temperature in living organisms

  cells may get damaged
• What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions

  they act as biological catalysts
• What is a catalyst

  a substance that increases reaction speed
• What are enzymes made of

  Large proteins
• What do enzymes have unique shapes

  to perform their specific jobs
• What is the active site of an enzyme

  the part that fits the substrate
• What enzyme catalyses the breakdown of starch

  Amalyse
• How can u detect the presence of starch

  using iodine solution that will change from browny orange to bluey black if starch is present
• What is the procedure to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme activity

  1. add iodine solution into all spotting tiles
  2. heat water using a Bunsen burner
  3. mix amylase and buffer solution in a boiling tube
  4. add starch solution and start timing
  5. sample every 30 seconds with iodine
  6. repeat with different pH values
• What temperature should the water be heated to in the pH experiment

  35 degrees
• Why is it important to keep the temperature constant during the pH experiment

  To ensure fair test conditions
• What is the volume of amalyse solution added to the boiling tube

  1cm cubed
• What is the pH of the buffer solution used in the pH experiment

  5
• What are the control variables in the pH experiment

  concentration and volume of amylase solution
• How is the rate of reaction calculated after the experiment 


  by dividing 1000 by time
• What do salivary glands and the pancreas produce?

  Digestive juices containing enzymes
• What is the function of bile produced by the liver?

  It emulsifies soluble substances into the blood
• Where is bile stored?

  In the gallbladder
• What does bile help digest?

  Fatty substances
• How does food pass through the body?

  Through the rectum and anus