Bioenergetics

• What is photosynthesis?

  Process by which plants make glucose
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  It is an endothermic reaction
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?

  CO2
• What is the chemical symbol for water?

  H2O
• What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

  O2
• What is the chemical symbol for glucose?

  C6H12O6
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Temperature
  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Amount of chlorophyll
• How does temperature affect photosynthesis?

  Rate increases until enzymes denature
• How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?

  Higher light intensity increases reaction rate
• How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

  Higher concentration increases reaction rate
• What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

  Converts light energy to food for the plant
• How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis?

  By measuring oxygen production in plants
• What is the experimental setup to measure photosynthesis rate?

  • Pond weed in a test tube with water
  • Sealed with a bung
  • Capillary tube leads to a syringe
  • Lamp placed at a measured distance
• What happens as the plant photosynthesizes in the experiment?

  Oxygen is produced and forms gas in the capillary tube
• What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  An environmental condition restricting reaction rate
• What does inverse proportion mean in the context of light intensity?

  One factor increases while the other decreases
• What is the inverse square law for light intensity?

  Light intensity = 1/distance^2
• If a lamp is 2 meters away, what is the light intensity?

  1/4 of its original value
• What are the uses of glucose from photosynthesis?

  1. For respiration
  2. Converted to insoluble starch for storage
  3. To produce fat or oil for storage
  4. To produce cellulose for cell walls
  5. Combined with nitrates to form amino acids
• What is respiration?

  Process of transferring energy from glucose
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction
• Where does aerobic respiration occur?

  Most reactions occur in the mitochondria
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration without oxygen
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Lactic acid
• What is fermentation in plants and yeast cells?

  Glucose produces ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is oxygen debt?

  Extra oxygen needed to break down lactic acid
• How does the body respond to exercise?

  Heart rate and breathing rate increase
• What is metabolism?

  Sum of all reactions in the cell or body