Sociology key concepts

    Cards (29)

    • What are norms in society?
      Norms are considered normal behaviors.
    • How do norms differ between cultures?
      They vary based on culture, religion, and country.
    • What is an example of a norm in the UK?
      Eating with a knife and fork.
    • How have norms regarding university education changed over time?
      More people attend university now than before.
    • What is cultural diversity?
      Presence of multiple cultures in one society.
    • What is conformity?
      Following the norms and values of society.
    • What is deviance?
      Going against the norms and values of society.
    • What is an example of deviance?
      Farting in public.
    • What are sanctions?
      Rewards or punishments for behavior.
    • What are formal sanctions?
      Punishments for breaking laws or rules.
    • What is primary socialisation?
      Learning norms from parents and family.
    • How do gender roles change across cultures?
      They vary significantly between cultures.
    • How does identity develop?
      Through socialisation and learning norms.
    • What does the nature-nurture debate discuss?
      Influence of genetics vs. socialisation on behavior.
    • What do proponents of nature argue?
      Behavior is mostly determined by genetics.
    • What is an example of a feral child?
      Oxana Malaya from Ukraine.
    • What is socialisation?
      Learning norms and values to fit in.
    • What is a role model?
      Someone we look to for guidance on behavior.
    • What are agents of socialisation?
      Institutions or groups that socialise individuals.
    • How do role models influence behavior?
      They shape how we learn to act.
    • What are the four main sociological theories?
      Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, Interactionism.
    • What does functionalism emphasize?
      Society needs to work together for stability.
    • What does Marxism focus on?
      Class system and capitalism's effects.
    • What does feminism address?
      Conflict between men and women in society.
    • What does interactionism suggest about society?
      Each person experiences society differently.
    • What are the features of culture?
      • Shared language
      • Religion
      • Beliefs
      • Ways of living
    • How does socialisation occur?
      • Primary socialisation: learning from family
      • Secondary socialisation: learning from education, media, peers
    • What is the impact of immigration on culture in England?
      • Introduction of diverse cultures
      • Enrichment of societal norms and values
    • What are the types of sanctions?
      • Formal sanctions: punishments for laws
      • Informal sanctions: punishments for social norms
      • Positive sanctions: rewards for good behavior
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