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Sociology key concepts
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Created by
Libby Griffiths
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Cards (29)
What are norms in society?
Norms are considered
normal
behaviors.
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How do norms differ between cultures?
They vary based on culture, religion, and
country
.
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What is an example of a norm in the UK?
Eating
with
a
knife
and
fork.
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How have norms regarding university education changed over time?
More people attend university
now
than before.
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What is cultural diversity?
Presence of multiple cultures in one
society
.
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What is conformity?
Following the
norms
and values of society.
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What is deviance?
Going against the
norms
and values of society.
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What is an example of deviance?
Farting in public
.
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What are sanctions?
Rewards
or
punishments
for behavior.
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What are formal sanctions?
Punishments for breaking
laws
or rules.
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What is primary socialisation?
Learning
norms
from parents and family.
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How do gender roles change across cultures?
They vary
significantly
between cultures.
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How does identity develop?
Through
socialisation
and learning
norms
.
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What does the nature-nurture debate discuss?
Influence of
genetics
vs.
socialisation
on behavior.
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What do proponents of nature argue?
Behavior is mostly determined by
genetics
.
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What is an example of a feral child?
Oxana Malaya
from
Ukraine
.
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What is socialisation?
Learning
norms
and values to fit in.
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What is a role model?
Someone we look to for guidance on behavior.
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What are agents of socialisation?
Institutions
or groups that socialise individuals.
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How do role models influence behavior?
They shape how we learn to act.
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What are the four main sociological theories?
Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, Interactionism.
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What does functionalism emphasize?
Society needs to work together for
stability
.
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What does Marxism focus on?
Class system
and
capitalism's
effects.
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What does feminism address?
Conflict
between men and women in society.
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What does interactionism suggest about society?
Each person experiences society differently.
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What are the features of culture?
Shared language
Religion
Beliefs
Ways of living
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How does socialisation occur?
Primary socialisation
: learning from family
Secondary socialisation
: learning from education, media, peers
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What is the impact of immigration on culture in England?
Introduction
of diverse cultures
Enrichment of
societal
norms
and
values
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What are the types of sanctions?
Formal
sanctions: punishments for laws
Informal
sanctions: punishments for social norms
Positive
sanctions: rewards for good behavior
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