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Unit 3
Animal Diversity
Animal Diversity Part I
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Cards (27)
What event is described as the origin of modern animals?
The
Cambrian explosion
What hypothesis suggests the ancestor of the earliest animals was a colonial protist?
The colonial
flagellate
hypothesis
What evidence supports the relationship between sponges and colonial flagellates?
Genetic
and
molecular evidence
What do sponges lack that makes them not true animals?
Tissues and organs
What is the larval stage of sponges?
Free living stage
What does it mean for adult sponges to be sessile?
They are non-moving and
anchored
What are the two groups of animals in clade Metazoa?
Radial symmetry
and
bilateral symmetry
What is the phylum associated with animals that have radial symmetry?
Phylum
Cnidaria
What type of tissue organization do Cnidarians have?
Distinct
tissues but no organs
How many tissue layers do Cnidarians have?
Two
tissue layers
What are the two basic body plans of Cnidarians?
Polyp
and
Medusa
What is the typical shape of a Medusa?
Shaped like an
umbrella
What is the main function of the gastrovascular cavity in Cnidarians?
Digestion
and
gas exchange
What type of symmetry do animals in clade Bilateria exhibit?
Bilateral
symmetry
What does cephalization refer to in bilateral organisms?
Development of a
head region
with sense organs
What are the three germ layers in triploblastic animals?
Ectoderm
,
endoderm
,
mesoderm
What are the three categories of body cavities in animals?
Acoelomates
,
pseudocoelomates
, coelomates
How do acoelomates differ from pseudocoelomates?
Acoelomates have no
body cavity
What is the clade that includes protostome animals?
Clade
Lophotrochozoa
What is a lophophore?
A crown of
ciliated
tentacles
What is the phylum of flatworms?
Phylum
Platyhelminthes
What type of body cavity do flatworms have?
They are
acoelomates
What is the digestive system of flatworms like?
Incomplete
with
one opening
How do flatworms respire?
By
diffusion
across the body surface
What is a notable ability of flatworms?
Incredible
regeneration
capabilities
What are the three tissue layers in flatworms?
Ectoderm
,
endoderm
, mesoderm
How can you identify a protostome from a deuterostome?
By examining
embryonic
development patterns