mycology

• Who are mycologists?

  Scientists who study fungi
• What is mycology?

  Scientific discipline dealing with fungi
• What are mycoses?

  Diseases caused in animals by fungi
• What is the relationship between lichen and mutualism?

  • Lichen is a mutualistic relationship
  • Involves fungi and photosynthetic partners
• How do plants differ from fungi in energy acquisition?

  Plants obtain energy from the sun, fungi do not
• What carbon source do plants and fungi utilize?

  Plants utilize CO2, fungi do not
• What type of organisms does the Five Kingdom System include?

  Eukarya includes organisms with a nucleus
• What is the role of exoenzymes in fungi?

  They digest food into small absorbable molecules
• How many species of fungi are there?

  100,000 species
• How many human pathogens are associated with fungi?

  100 human pathogens
• Why are fungi-associated diseases rising?

  Due to nosocomial infections and immunocompromised patients
• What are examples of pulmonary infections caused by fungi?

  Aspergillosis and Blastomycosis
• What is the economic impact of plant pathogens?

  They cause $1 billion/year in losses
• What are the main roles of fungi in the fermentation industry?

  • Wine production (yeast)
  • Beer production (yeast)
  • Bread making (yeast)
  • Cheese production (bacteria)
  • Soy sauce production (Aspergillus oryzae)
  • Sauerkraut and vinegar production
• What is the role of fungi in drug manufacturing?

  They produce beneficial waste products
• What is a saprophyte?

  Organism that degrades complex organic materials
• What is the function of mycorrhizae?

  • Fungi associated with plants
  • Help absorb minerals and water
  • Serve as root extensions
  • Absorb nutrients from plant roots
• How many broad classes of fungi exist?

  Four broad classes
• What are the four broad classes of fungi?

  Algal, Sac, Imperfect, Club fungi
• What are algal fungi responsible for?

  Many species cause blights like Irish Potato Famine
• What is an example of a drug derived from Rhizopus?

  Cortisone
• What is the significance of Ergot (Claviceps purpurea)?

  It can cause mass destruction but is useful in medicine
• What is Candida albicans?

  A parasitic sac fungus in humans
• What are imperfect fungi known for?

  Causing athlete's foot and mildew
• What is the largest group of fungi?

  Club (basidium) fungi
• What are basidiospores?

  Spores produced by club fungi
• What is the thallus in fungi?

  The body of molds and fleshy fungi
• What are hyphae?

  Long filaments of cells in fungi
• What is mycelium?

  Intertwined filamentous mass formed by hyphae
• What type of fungi are yeasts?

  Non-filamentous unicellular fungi
• What are the two types of yeast reproduction?

  Fission and budding
• How does fission reproduction occur in yeast?

  Nucleus divides forming two identical cells
• How does budding reproduction occur in yeast?

  Parent cell's nucleus divides and migrates to form a bud
• What are dimorphic fungi?

  Fungi that grow as mold or yeast
• How do dimorphic fungi behave at different temperatures?

  At 37°C they are yeast-like, at 25°C mold-like
• What are the types of reproduction in fungi?

  • Asexual: fragmentation of hyphae, spores
  • Sexual: spores
  • Spores are used for identification
• What are the four groups of true fungi?

  Zygomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes
• How is the classification of fungi based on sexual reproduction?

  First three groups are based on sexual reproduction
• What is unique about Deuteromycetes?

  They have no sexual reproduction
• What are the types of asexual reproduction in fungi?

  • Progeny identical to parent
  • Types of spores: Conidiospores, Blastospores, Chlamydospores, Sporangiospores
  • Hyphae fragmentation