Perception

• What is sensation?

  Detection of information by sense organs
• What is relative size in depth perception?

  Smaller objects are perceived as further away
• What is ambiguity in visual perception?


  Lack of cues leading to multiple interpretations
• What does height in a plane indicate?

  Objects higher up are perceived as further away
• What is linear perspective?

  Converging lines suggest depth and distance
• What visual illusion is described as a pair of converging parallel lines?


  Ponzo illusion
• What is a fiction in visual perception?


  Perception of something not detected by senses
• How does Gregory's theory explain perception?

  It combines sensory information with stored knowledge
• What design was used in Gilchrist and Nez Berg's study?

  Independent groups design
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Bruner and Minton's study?

  Strengths:

  • High control of extraneous variables
  • Easy to replicate due to standardized procedures

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Limited generalizability due to student sample
  • Lacks mundane realism in task design
• What does Gibson's theory suggest about perception?

  Perception happens directly through visual information
• What do we rely on to perceive objects according to Gibson?

  Visual information from the environment
• What visual information helps us make judgments about distance and movement?

  Light, texture, and details
• How does Gibson view the relationship between sensation and perception?

  He believed they are the same thing
• What concept did Gibson introduce related to movement perception?

  Optic flow patterns
• What happens to the point you are traveling towards in optic flow patterns?

  It appears to remain stationary
• What do optic flow patterns help us determine?

  The speed and direction of our movement
• What is motion parallax according to Gibson?

  A monocular depth cue
• How does motion parallax help us perceive movement?

  Objects close appear to move faster
• In the example of a train, what appears to move faster?

  The barrier close to us
• What does Gibson believe about learning to perceive our environment?

  It is innate and not learned
• What do we use to perceive our environment according to Gibson?

  Sensory information only
• What does Gibson's theory suggest about our ability to perceive?

  We are born with the ability to perceive
• What are the key components of Gibson's direct theory of perception?

  • Perception happens directly through visual information
  • Sensation and perception are the same
  • Innate ability to perceive environment
  • Use of optic flow patterns and motion parallax
• What is sensation?

  Information processed by our five senses
• What does sensation involve?

  Physical stimulation of sense receptors
• How does light function in sensation?

  Rays of light hit the retina in the eye
• What is perception?

  How the brain organizes and interprets sensory information
• How does the brain interpret what we see?

  By using past experiences to assign meaning
• What is the key difference between sensation and perception?

  Sensation is raw data; perception is interpretation
• What is size constancy?

  Understanding that distant objects are not small
• How does size constancy work when someone walks towards you?

  They appear to grow in size, but don't
• What happens when you look down from an airplane?

  Houses and cars appear tiny but are not
• What are misinterpreted depth cues?

  They help explain visual illusions and distance perception
• How does the brain use depth cues?

  To perceive distance and scale objects correctly
• What can happen when the brain misinterprets distance?

  It may incorrectly scale up the size of objects
• What is ambiguity in perception?

  When there are two possible interpretations
• What is an example of ambiguity in perception?

  The duck-rabbit illusion in the image
• What is the principle of fiction in perception?

  Seeing something in an image that isn't there
• What is the difference between sensation and perception?

  Sensation is detecting stimuli; perception is interpreting them.