weberian

• Barron and Norris – Dual Labour market.

  • The primary labour market = well-paid, secure jobs with good promotional prospects. – Dominated by white men
  • The secondary labour market = the worst jobs, lowest pay, worse conditions, least job security and very few promotional prospects. – Dominated by ethnic minorities due to low cultural status~
• Barron and Norris


  Barron and Norris argue that ethnic minorities are often stuck in the secondary labour market because many employers hold racist views about Black and Asian people, leading to discrimination in hiring, responsibilities, and promotions
• Rex and Tomlinson


  Ethnic minorities face both class and status inequality - can lead to poverty. This creates a marginalised black underclass that is alienated and frustrated, leading to feelings erupting in riots, especially when young black individuals feel harassed by police or excluded from society.
• Rex and Tomlinson – study in the Handsworth area of Birmingham:

  The material disadvantages faced by ethnic minorities were so severe that they became isolated from the White working class, forming a separate underclass. They experienced disadvantages in the labour market, housing, and education, worsened by racial hostility from White society.
• Weber


  "party," which he defined as a group formed to gain power and promote its own interests.

  Examples include trade unions, professional bodies, and organisations like Liberty, which show that status groups, as well as economic class groups, can drive political action.

  However, trade unions are often dominated by White members, which can lead to ethnic minorities voices not being heard
• Weber


  Status groups often aim for "social closure," trying to maintain their privileges by excluding others. In the context of ethnicity, this means that power and status often remain with the majority ethnic group, making it difficult for ethnic minorities to compete equally for resources like jobs and housing.