inheritance

• What are the two types of reproduction discussed?

  Sexual and asexual reproduction
• How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells contain?

  23 pairs of chromosomes
• What is the purpose of the diagram showing human cells?

  To illustrate chromosome pairs
• What type of cell division do cells undergo to produce identical cells?

  Mitosis
• What are gametes in humans?

  Sperm cells and egg cells
• How many chromosomes do human gametes contain?

  23 single chromosomes
• What type of cell division produces gametes?

  Meiosis
• What process produces gametes in humans?

  Meiosis
• How many chromosomes are in a normal human cell?

  46 chromosomes
• How do gametes differ from somatic cells?

  Gametes have single chromosomes
• How many pairs of chromosomes are in a normal human cell?

  23 pairs
• What do gametes such as sperm and egg cells contain?

  Single chromosomes
• What is a key difference between meiosis and mitosis?

  Meiosis produces non-identical cells
• How many single chromosomes does a human gamete contain?

  23 single chromosomes
• What are the gametes in flowering plants?

  Pollen and egg cells
• What is the process called when male and female gametes fuse?

  Fertilization
• Where does meiosis take place in humans?

  In reproductive organs
• What are the male and female reproductive organs called?

  Testes and ovaries
• What does sexual reproduction result in regarding genetic information?

  Mixing of genetic information
• What is the result of variation in offspring from sexual reproduction?

  Different traits in offspring
• How many parents are involved in asexual reproduction?

  One parent
• What is a key characteristic of offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

  They are genetically identical
• What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?

  Mitosis
• What happens to the tiny buds formed by the plant in asexual reproduction?

  They grow into new plants
• What happens to chromosomes in the first stage of meiosis?

  All chromosomes are copied
• How many gametes are produced from one original cell in meiosis?

  Four gametes
• What term is used for offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

  Clones
• Are the gametes produced by meiosis genetically identical?

  No, they are genetically different
• What is the term for the joining of male and female gametes?

  Fertilization
• What happens to the number of chromosomes after fertilization?

  It is restored to normal
• How many chromosome pairs does a fertilized egg contain?

  23 chromosome pairs
• What are the main features of sexual reproduction?

  • Involves fusion of male and female gametes
  • Process called fertilization
  • Mixing of genetic information
  • Variation in offspring
• What process does the fertilized egg undergo to form an embryo?

  Mitosis
• What are the main features of asexual reproduction?

  • Involves only one parent
  • No gametes involved
  • Offspring are genetically identical (clones)
  • Only involves mitosis
• What is formed as the embryo develops?

  Different cell types
• What types of organisms carry out sexual reproduction?

  • Animals
  • Flowering plants
• What are some examples of different cell types formed in animals?

  Nerve cells and muscle cells
• What are the stages of meiosis relevant to the AQ8 specification?

  • Meiosis occurs in reproductive organs
  • Chromosomes are copied
  • Cell divides into two
  • Each cell divides again to form gametes
• What types of organisms carry out asexual reproduction?

  • Many plants
  • Some animals (e.g., aphids)
• What is the significance of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

  • Leads to diverse traits in offspring
  • Enhances adaptability and survival