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Geography
Tectonic Hazards
Earthquakes & Volcanoes
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Cards (37)
How many large plates is the
Earth's
crust divided into?
Seven large plates
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How many smaller plates are there in the Earth's crust?
Twelve
smaller plates
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What causes the movement of tectonic plates?
Heat convection currents
in the mantle
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What happens to magma as it rises to the crust?
It
cools
and
sinks
to be
reheated
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What is the effect of friction caused by rising currents on tectonic plates?
Plates are pushed
forward
or
dragged
back
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What are the two types of crustal plates?
Oceanic
plates and
continental
plates
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How do oceanic plates differ from continental plates?
Oceanic plates are
denser
but
thinner
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What is a plate boundary or plate margin?
Where two or more
plates
meet
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What are the three main types of plate boundaries?
Constructive margins
(
divergent boundaries
)
Destructive margins (
convergent boundaries
)
Conservative margins
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What occurs at constructive margins?
Plates pull apart, allowing
magma
to erupt
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What geological activity occurs at constructive margins?
Earthquake
activity and
volcanic
eruptions
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What typically happens at destructive margins?
Oceanic and continental
plates
collide
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What is the process called when the denser oceanic plate is forced beneath the continental plate?
Subduction
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What geological phenomena can result from subduction?
Volcanic activity
and
earthquakes
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What characterizes conservative margins?
Plates move in
opposite directions
or at
different speeds
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What happens when the edges of plates at conservative margins stick together?
Friction
and
stress
build up until release
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Is there volcanic activity at conservative margins?
No
, there is
no
volcanic activity
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What are the main components of the Earth?
Inner core
: solid
iron
and
nickel
, ~
5500°C
Outer core
: liquid iron and nickel
Mantle
: semi-molten rock (magma)
Crust
: thin layer of solid rock
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What is the temperature of the Earth's inner core?
Around
5500°C
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What is the state of the outer core?
Liquid
iron
and
nickel
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What is the composition of the mantle?
Semi-molten
rock (
magma
)
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What is the crust made of?
Thin layer of solid
rock
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What is the name of the tectonic plate located near Iceland?
Fuca Plate
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Which tectonic plate is associated with the Pacific Ocean?
Pacific Plate
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What tectonic plate is located to the south of the South American Plate?
Nazca Plate
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Which tectonic plate is located to the east of the African Plate?
Eurasian Plate
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What significant volcanic event occurred in Iceland in 2010?
Eyjafjallajökull
eruption
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Which volcanic eruption occurred in Indonesia in 2010?
Merapi
eruption
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What major earthquake occurred in Japan in 2011?
Japan
earthquake
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What earthquake occurred in Haiti in 2010?
Haiti earthquake
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What happens when continental plates of the same density collide?
They buckle up and create
fold mountains
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Is there volcanic activity at collision zones of continental plates?
No
, there is
no
volcanic activity
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Where is most of the world's earthquake and volcanic activity found?
At the
plate boundaries
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What are 'hot spots' in geology?
Locations where the
mantle
is close to the
surface
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What is the area known for volcanic activity around the Pacific Ocean called?
Pacific
Ring of Fire
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What are the key characteristics of collision zones between continental plates?
Plates of the same density collide
They buckle up instead of
subducting
Creation of
fold mountains
No volcanic activity occurs
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What are the differences between plate boundaries and hot spots?
Plate boundaries: Most
earthquake
and
volcanic
activity
Hot spots: Occur anywhere with mantle close to surface
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