Skin Glands

• What are the two basic types of skin glands?

  Sebaceous glands and sweat glands

  
• What are the sub-types of sweat glands?

  Eccrine and apocrine

  
• How are skin glands related to the epidermis?

  They are modifications of the epidermis
• What do skin glands penetrate into?

  They penetrate into the dermis
• What is the structure of sebaceous glands?

  Many lobed (acinar) structure
• What do sebaceous glands produce?

  Fatty/oily sebum
• What is the function of sebum?

  Moisturizes and waterproofs hair and skin
• How does sebum contribute to thermoregulation?

  Allows sweat to spread
• What antimicrobial function does sebum serve?

  It has an antimicrobial function
• What role do sebaceous glands play in communication?

  They produce pheromones or scented compounds
• What are circumoral glands associated with?

  Associated with scent marking and greeting
• What are carpal glands associated with?

  Associated with cats and pigs
• What are circumanal glands associated with?

  Associated with dogs
• What are tail glands associated with?

  Associated with cats and dogs

  
• What are anal sac glands associated with?

  Associated with cats and dogs
• What are horn glands associated with?

  More productive in breeding season, especially males
• What do glands of the infraorbital pouch help with?

  They are associated with sheep
• What is the function of glands of the interdigital pouch?

  Trail marking in sheep
• What is the function of glands of the inguinal pouch?

  Odour may help lamb find udder
• What are preputial glands associated with?

  Associated with boars
• What are the two types of sweat glands?

  Apocrine and eccrine sweat glands

  
• What type of sweat do apocrine sweat glands discharge?

  Albuminous (protein-rich) sweat
• Where do apocrine sweat glands discharge their sweat?

  Into hair follicles

  
• Where are eccrine sweat glands generally found?

  Only in certain areas (naked skin)
• Where are eccrine sweat glands specifically located?

  Footpads of dogs and nasolabial plate of cattle
• How do apocrine and eccrine sweat glands appear on histology sections?

  They look similar as coiled tubular glands

  
• What are the learning objectives regarding skin glands?

  • Compare and contrast skin glands in domestic animals
  • Describe mammary gland organization and milk production
  • Describe differences in skin gland presence and distribution
• What are mammary glands unique to?

  Unique to mammals
• What type of glands are mammary glands considered?

  Extremely modified (apocrine) sweat glands
• What is the primary function of mammary glands?

  Secretion of milk rich in protein and fat
• What does colostrum contain that is important for immune transfer?

  Antibodies
• What are collections of mammary glands called in ruminants and horses?

  Udders
• What do mammary glands contain?

  One or more secretory units
• What can develop into supernumerary teats?

  Extra buds
• What happens to mammary glands between pregnancies?

  Tissue involutes (regresses)
• What supports the mammary gland?

  The suspensory apparatus
• What are the components of the suspensory apparatus?

  Median and lateral suspensory ligaments
• What do birds lack in terms of skin glands?

  No sweat glands
• How do birds lose heat?

  Through skin and respiratory evaporation
• What type of glands do birds have?

  Three discrete sebaceous glands