MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

• What are monoclonal antibodies?

  Antibodies created to be identical and specific
• What does "mono" mean in monoclonal antibodies?

  One
• What does "clonal" refer to in monoclonal antibodies?

  Identical
• How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

  They can be created in the lab
• What are the uses of monoclonal antibodies?

  • Medical treatment (drugs)
  • Medical diagnosis
  • Pregnancy tests
• What is direct monoclonal antibody therapy used for?

  Treating certain cancers
• How do monoclonal antibodies work in cancer treatment?

  They bind to cancer cell antigens
• What is the advantage of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment?

  They target only cancer cells
• What is indirect monoclonal antibody therapy?

  Antibodies deliver cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells
• Why are cytotoxic drugs used in indirect monoclonal antibody therapy?

  They kill cancer cells directly
• What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in medical diagnosis?

  They detect specific antigens in tests
• What is the ELISA test used for?

  Testing for specific antigens or proteins
• How does a pregnancy test work?

  It detects a hormone in urine
• What happens when the hormone is present in a pregnancy test?

  A blue line appears on the test
• What is the purpose of the control band in a pregnancy test?

  To confirm the test is working
• What is the significance of color intensity in the ELISA test?

  Indicates the quantity of antigen present
• What ethical issue is associated with monoclonal antibodies?

  Use of animals in their production
• Why is there an ethical debate regarding monoclonal antibodies?

  Animals die during the antibody creation
• What organ is removed from animals to harvest antibodies?

  Spleen
• What is the main concern regarding the use of animals for monoclonal antibodies?

  Animal welfare and ethical justification
• How can monoclonal antibodies be used in treating autoimmune diseases?

  They can target specific immune responses
• What technology is used to create monoclonal antibodies?

  Hybridoma technology
• How do monoclonal antibodies function in targeted drug delivery?

  They deliver drugs directly to specific cells
• How are monoclonal antibodies used in research?

  To study protein interactions
• What is a benefit of engineering monoclonal antibodies?

  Specific therapeutic applications can be targeted
• Why do monoclonal antibodies have fewer side effects?

  They are specific to target cells
• How can monoclonal antibodies be used in vaccine development?

  They can enhance immune response to vaccines
• How do monoclonal antibodies assist in imaging techniques?

  They help visualize disease markers