GRAVES

• What does GRAVES stand for?

  Generalisability

  Reliability

  Application

  Validity

  Ethics

  Subjectivity/Objectivity
• What is Generalisability?


  How likely it is that other people would behave in the same way as the participants

  More diversity (gender, age, culture) = more generalisable
• What is Reliability?

  How consistent the rules are.

  Repeated+similar results = more reliable

  Standardised method for more control
• What is Application?

  How can society use the results of a study

  What can it help to explain/understand

  What interventions can be created
• What is Validity?

  How true are the results

  Internal:

  Was what was claimed to be measured actually measured

  Were there confounding variables

  Could the participant change their behavior based on their knowledge of the study

  External:

  Would the participant have acted this way in real life (ecological)

  Would the participant have acted differently in a different time period (temporal)
• What is Ethics?


  Refers to participant's rights + protection during the study

  Informed consent:

  Participant agrees freely to all aspects of the study

  Deception:

  False info to intentionally mislead as part of the study

  Protection from harm:

  Refrain from embarrassment/fear/offense/harm of participant

  Privacy:

  Right to be free from interference

  Confidentiality

  Protection of personal information
• What is Subjectivity and Objectivity?


  Has the researcher used their judgments, opinions, upbringing, or cultural context to interpret the study results?

  Objectivity = aim (rarely achieved)
• When is GRAVES used?


  evaluating a theory within a study