Stats001

• What is the definition of statistics?

  A science of collecting and analyzing data
• Who is referred to as a statistician?

  A person who collects and analyzes data
• What are the uses of statistics?

  • Precise description of data
  • Predict outcomes of experiments
  • Test hypotheses
• What does descriptive statistics focus on?

  Collecting and describing data for meaningful information
• What is the focus of inferential statistics?

  Analyzing a subset to predict about the entire set
• Who discovered the equation of the normal distribution?

  Abraham de Moivre
• What did Carl Gauss contribute to statistics?

  Derivation of the normal distribution
• Who is known as the Father of Statistics?

  Adolf Quetelet
• What did William Gosset develop?

  Small-sample theory (t-test)
• What statistical test did Ronald Fisher develop?

  F-test
• What is a population in statistics?

  Group of aggregate people or events
• What are parameters in statistics?

  Measures of a population
• What is a sample?

  Collection of elements from a population
• What are estimates in statistics?

  Measures of the samples
• What is probability sampling?

  Every unit has a chance of being selected
• What is non-probability sampling?

  Not every item has an equal chance of selection
• What is simple random sampling?

  Method to prevent bias in selection
• What is an example of simple random sampling?

  Choosing names from a hat
• What is systematic random sampling?

  Choosing items arranged in a specific order
• How can a supermarket use systematic random sampling?

  Selecting every 10th customer entering
• What is stratified random sampling?

  Dividing population into subsets called strata
• How can a company ensure gender balance in sampling?

  Sort population into strata by gender
• What is cluster sampling?

  Subdividing into smaller units for selection
• How can ABM students use cluster sampling?

  Study sari-sari store owners in Brgy. Paradahan
• What is convenience sampling?

  Selecting participants based on accessibility
• How might companies use convenience sampling?

  Distributing pamphlets in crowded areas
• What is purposive sampling?

  Selecting members based on researcher judgment
• How does a researcher perform purposive sampling?

  Reject individuals not fitting a specific profile
• What is data in statistics?

  Raw materials for statistical analysis
• What is primary data?

  Data collected directly by the researcher
• What is secondary data?

  Information taken from previously gathered data
• Identify the type of data: A questionnaire from Philippine Airlines.

  Primary data
• Identify the type of data: Consumer Price Index from PSA.

  Secondary data
• Identify the type of data: Reporter recording MRT travel times.

  Primary data
• Identify the type of data: Students measuring plant heights.

  Primary data
• Identify the type of data: PSA enumerator conducting surveys.

  Primary data
• What is a variable in statistics?

  Characteristic being studied
• What are qualitative variables?

  Represent differences in quality or kind
• What are quantitative variables?

  Numerical in nature and can be ordered
• What are discrete variables?

  Variables counted using whole numbers