AO3

• What is a criticism of research on infant behavior?

  Infant behavior is difficult to reliably test
• Why is it hard to distinguish infant behaviors?

  It's hard to distinguish activity from imitation
• What example illustrates the difficulty in testing infant behavior?

  Infants frequently smile, yawn, or poke tongue
• What method did Meltzoff and Moore use to improve validity?

  They used independent assessors to judge imitation
• What is a limitation of research into caregiver-infant interactions?

  Other research has failed to replicate findings
• What did Koepke et al fail to replicate?

  Meltzoff and Moore's findings on imitation
• Why was Koepke criticized in his research?

  His study was less carefully controlled
• What did Marian et al find in their study?

  Infants couldn't distinguish live from videotaped interactions
• What does Marian et al's finding suggest about infant behavior?

  Behavior may be due to chance, not intention
• What is a strength of caregiver-infant interaction theories?

  Research supports that behavior is intentional
• What did Abravanel and Deyong observe in their study?

  Infants made little response to inanimate objects
• What conclusion did Abravanel and Deyong reach about infant behavior?

  Infants imitate specific social responses to humans
• What is a limitation of the caregiver-infant interaction theory?

  It does not consider individual differences among infants
• What did Isabella et al find regarding attachment and interactional synchrony?

  Stronger attachment pairs showed greater synchrony
• What did Heimann's research suggest about imitation in infants?

  More imitation leads to better relationship quality
• What is a key strength of research into infant-caregiver interactions?

  It investigates behaviors that help infants understand others
• What is Meltzoff's 'like me hypothesis' about?

  It explains how infants learn about others
• What are the steps in Meltzoff's 'like me hypothesis'?

  Connection, association, projection of experiences
• How does Meltzoff's hypothesis relate to theory of mind?

  It helps infants understand others' thoughts and feelings
• What are the key concepts of reciprocity and interactional synchrony?

  • Reciprocity: Infant and caregiver respond to each other's signals.
  • Interactional synchrony: Mirroring behaviors in interactions.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of research into infant-caregiver interactions?

  Strengths:

  • Investigates key behaviors for understanding others.
  • Supports intentional behavior in interactions.

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Difficult to reliably test infants.
  • Individual differences are not considered.
  • Mixed findings in replication studies.