amino acids, DNA and proteins

• what are the links called between amino acids?

  peptide or amide links
• how do you hydrolyse proteins to get amino acids?

  boil with HCl
• how do you create hydrogen bonds within amino acids?

  between C=O and N-H groups

  C=O ||||||||| H-N
• what does TLC stand for?

  thin-layer chromatography
• what is 2D TCL?

  use a square piece of TLC sheet and then do 1 chromatography before turning it 90 degrees and doing another chromatography
• why do you do 2D TCL?

  distinguish between amino acids with similar Rf values
• what is an enzyme?

  protein-based biological catalyst
• what does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• which carbon in DNA bears the phosphate group?

  5
• what is the structure of DNA?

  double helix
• what type of bonds form between bases in DNA?

  Hydrogen bonds
• what are the 4 bases in DNA?

  Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
• what is the most popular type of cancer?

  cisplatin
• what is the structure of cisplatin?

  square planar
• how does cisplatin bind to cells?

  nitrogen in guanine has a lone pair which displaces water in the ligand
• why does chemotherapy cause hair loss?

  chemo attacks cells that replicate quickly eg. hair