The Skeleton / Skeletal system

    Cards (55)

    • What are the two main parts of the skeleton?
      Axial and appendicular skeleton
    • What is the axial skeleton composed of?
      Major bones including the cranium and vertebrae
    • What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?
      Major bones including the clavicle and limbs
    • Name a bone found in the axial skeleton.
      Cranium
    • Name a bone found in the appendicular skeleton.
      Clavicle
    • What is another name for the vertebral column?
      Spine
    • What is neutral spine alignment?
      Spine should be straight when viewed from back
    • What are the natural curves of the spine when viewed from the side?
      Three slight curves forming an 'S' shape
    • What is kyphosis?
      Hunched back condition
    • What is scoliosis?
      Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine
    • What are the postural deviations of the spine?
      • Kyphosis: Hunched back
      • Scoliosis: Sideways curvature
    • Bone growth
      1.bone is living tissue formed through ossification
      2.bone develops in length from infancy to adulthood
      3.calcium and phosphate accumulate on the cartilage
      4. trapping the cartilage causing it to die
      5. blood vessels grow in these spaces and transport osteoblasts and nutrients to the developing bone
    • osteoblasts
      which from bone by secreting collagen
    • osteoclasts
      which remove bone. osteoclasts dissolve bone mineral. The degraded bone is then removed
    • Anterior
      to the front or in front
    • posterior
      to the rear or behind
    • medial
      towards the midline or axis, an imaginary line down the centre of body
    • lateral
      away from the midline or axis
    • proximal
      near to root or origin ( part of body closer to another part )
    • distal
      away from root
    • superior
      above head
    • inferior
      below legs
    • flat bones / function
      . protection
      . enable muscle attachment
    • short bones / function
      .weight bearing
      increase stability
      . absorb shock
    • long bones / function
      .red blood cell production
      . movement
    • Seasmoid bones / function
      .ease joint movement / less friction
    • Irregular bone / function
      Specific functions
    • Cervical vertebrae
      (1) upper part
    • thoratic vertebrae
      (2) middle section
    • lumbar vertebrae
      (3) lower section
    • sacral vertebrate
      (4) spine down
    • cocaygeal
      (5) spine down
    • osteoporosis
      a bone disease that causes bones to become weaker and more likely to break
    • Fixed or immovable joints
      fibrous - cannot move they overlap and interlock (skull)
    • slightly moveable
      cartilaginous - the bones which move a little and held together by ligaments and protected by cartilage ( ribs )
    • synovial joints
      freely moving joint the bones freely
    • pivot joint ( synovial)

      allow joints to twist and rotate
    • Hinge joint ( synovial )
      allow flexion and extension ( elbow,knee and ankle )
    • condyloid joint ( synovial)
      allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction
    • Saddle joint ( synovial )
      formed between carpals and metacarpals at base of thumb