gender

• At what age do children start to show a gender gap?

  7 years old
• What stereotypes did boys and girls express regarding future professions?

  Boys chose army and fire, girls chose doctor
• What was the case study of David Reimer about?

  • Bruce and Brian were twins born boys
  • Both had urination problems
  • Raised as a girl after 7 months
  • Dr. Money involved in gender socialization
  • Testicles removed at 22 months
  • Showed signs of masculinity despite upbringing
• What did Dr. Money communicate to David Reimer's parents?

  To raise him as a girl
• What was the outcome of David Reimer's upbringing?

  He showed masculinity despite being raised as a girl
• What condition did David Reimer experience at age 7?

  Subjected to sexual novel
• What did Brenda refuse regarding David's gender reassignment?

  To change his genitals
• What did Brenda say would happen if Bruce was brought up as a boy?

  He would hurt himself
• What diagnosis describes discomfort from mismatched sex and gender identity?

  Gender dysphoria
• What is androgyny?

  Balance of male and female characteristics
• What does the term non-binary refer to?

  Not conforming to traditional gender categories
• What is the role of testosterone in gender development?

  Triggers male characteristics in the womb
• What are the key differences between gender-schematic and gender-aschematic individuals?

  • Gender-schematic: Strong gender schemas, categorize behavior
  • Gender-aschematic: Little significance to gender, less sensitive to deviations
• How does cognitive bias affect perceptions of gender roles?

  It leads to inequality and discrimination
• What is the impact of media on gender role stereotypes?

  It reinforces gender-typical behavior
• What is the role of operant conditioning in gender behavior?

  Rewards and punishments shape gender-typical behavior
• What is the definition of sex-role stereotypes?

  Fixed views of men and women's roles
• What is the significance of the term 'differential reinforcement'?

  Rewards boys and girls differently
• What does the term 'gender identity' refer to in adolescence?

  How individuals feel they fit in their gender category
• What is the effect of peer pressure on gender conformity in adolescents?

  It increases pressure to conform to gender roles
• What is the impact of gender non-conformity on individuals?

  It can lead to stress and social unacceptability
• What are the key components of Judith Butler's gender theory?

  • Gender is influenced by personal and societal history
  • Recognizes the fluidity of gender identity
  • Challenges traditional binary views of gender
• What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

  Condition with high testosterone in female fetuses
• How does oxytocin affect women after childbirth?

  Stimulates lactation and emotional bonding
• What is the chromosomal makeup of a typical male?

  XY chromosomes
• What is the dominant male theory in evolutionary explanations of gender?

  Males compete for females, strongest mate frequently
• How does the biological approach explain gender differences?

  It attributes differences to hormones and genetics
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the biological approach to gender?

  Strengths:

  • Explains male-typical gender traits
  • Links hormones to behavior

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Tends to view gender as binary
  • Does not account for non-conformity