sampling methods

• Why can't psychologists study everyone?

  It takes too long and costs too much
• What is a sample in psychological research?

  A smaller group representing the target population
• What is the target population?

  The group of interest for research
• What is a sampling method?

  The system used to produce a sample
• What are the four sampling techniques used by psychologists?

  • Stratified Sampling
  • Opportunity Sampling
  • Random Sampling
  • Systematic Sampling
• What is stratified sampling?

  Selecting participants in proportion to their frequency
• How do researchers calculate a stratified sample?

  By determining the proportion of subgroups
• What is a potential problem with opportunity sampling?

  It may introduce researcher bias
• What is random sampling?

  Choosing participants through chance with equal opportunity
• What is systematic sampling?

  Selecting every nth name from a list
• Why is it important for a sample to be representative?

  To generalize findings to the target population
• What factors contribute to a representative sample?

  • Mixture of age, education, gender, ethnicity
  • Larger sample size increases diversity
• Which sampling method is likely the most representative?

  Stratified sampling due to its proportionality
• Which sampling method is likely the least representative?

  Opportunity sampling due to bias potential
• What is the trend between representativeness and time consumption in sampling methods?

  • More representative methods are often more time-consuming
  • Example: Stratified is more representative but takes longer