Year 8 matter

• Ceramics


  A type of material that is made from inorganic, non-metallic materials, such as clay or silicates, that are fired at high temperatures to create a hard, non-conductive substance.
• Polymers


  A type of macromolecule that is made up of many repeating units of a small molecule, such as plastic or synthetic fibers.
• Combining Elements


  When elements react with each other to form a compound, releasing or combining energy to from a strong bond between the atoms.
• Mixtures


  A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together, such as a mixture of sand and water or a mixture of different gases.
• Compounds


  A substance that is made from two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together, such as water (H2O) or table salt (NaCl).
• Elements


  A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom, such as hydrogen (H) or oxygen (O). Elements are the building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
• Trends in the Periodic Table

  The periodic table shows patterns and trends in the properties of elements, such as atomic radius, electronegativity, and reactivity, which tend to increase or decrease as you move across a period or down a group.
• Group 7 Non-Metals (Halogens)

  A group of nonmetal elements on the periodic table that are highly reactive and tend to gain one electron to form a negative ion (or anion). Examples include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), and iodine (I).
• Group 1 Metals (Alkali Metals)

  A group of elements on the periodic table that are highly reactive and tend to lose one electron to form a positive ion (or cation). Examples include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K).
• Periodic Table of Elements

  A table that displays the known chemical elements, organized by their atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus), electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
• What is the periodic table used for?

  A table that displays the known chemical elements, organized by their atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus), electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
• What is the main purpose of the periodic table?

  To show the relationships between the elements and to help predict their properties and behavior.
• What is a Group 1 metal also known as?

  An alkali metal.
• Which elements are typically found in Group 1?

  Lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) are examples of Group 1 metals.
• What is a Group 7 nonmetal also known as?

  A halogen.
• Which elements are typically found in Group 7?

  Fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), and iodine (I) are examples of Group 7 nonmetals.
• What happens to the atomic radius as you move across a period?


  The atomic radius decreases as you move across a period.
• What happens to the electronegativity as you move across a period?


  The electronegativity increases as you move across a period.
• What is the definition of an element?

  A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom, such as hydrogen (H) or oxygen (O).
• What is a compound?

  A substance that is made from two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together, such as water (H2O) or table salt (NaCl).
• What is a mixture?

  A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together, such as a mixture of sand and water or a mixture of different gases.
• What is the process called when elements combine?

  Combination reaction.
• What is a polymer?

  A type of macromolecule that is made up of many repeating units of a small molecule, such as plastic or synthetic fibers.
• What is a ceramic?

  A type of inorganic, non-metallic material that is made from clay or silicates and is fired at high temperatures to create a hard, non-conductive substance.
• What is the main difference between an element and a compound?

  An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom, while a compound is a pure substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
• What is the term for the process of combining elements to form a compound?

  Combination reaction.
• What is the main difference between a polymer and a ceramic?

  A polymer is a type of macromolecule made up of many repeating units of a small molecule, while a ceramic is a type of inorganic, non-metallic material made from clay or silicates and fired at high temperatures.
• What is the term for the process of shaping and hardening a polymer or ceramic?

  Formation.
• How do Group 1 metals and Group 7 nonmetals react with each other?


  Group 1 metals and Group 7 nonmetals react vigorously to form salts and release energy in the form of heat and light.
• What is the term for the process of transferring electrons between atoms of different elements?

  Oxidation-reduction reaction.
• What is the trend in atomic radius as you move across a period?


  The atomic radius decreases as you move across a period.
• How does electronegativity change as you move across a period?


  The electronegativity increases as you move across a period.