KQ2

• Place Perception can change based on... Age, Gender, Sexuality, Role and Religion
• Time Space Compression How places can become closer due to globalisation
• Frictional distance of decay The theory that areas that are closer together are more likely to interact. Time space compression and globalisation have almost seen the eradication of the concept
• Factors causing globalisation: Transport ☆ Larger air craft and integrated air traffic networks☆ Easy Jet 1995 made flying cheaper ☆ 93.1 million overseas trips in 2019 from UK citizens
• Factors causing globalisation: Containerisation ☆ Freight transport on ships ☆ Space can be used more efficiently so more can be transported at one time ☆ Cultural items can be moved abroad
• Factors causing globalisation: Global Brands ☆ TNCs usually have HQs in one country and other branches elsewhere e.g McDonalds ☆ People can travel far but still feel a sense of place from the familiarity
• Factors causing globalisation: Technology ☆ 1876 telephone was invented ☆ 1994 internet was created ☆ Communication increased so friction of distance reduced
• Factors causing globalisation: Social media ☆ 59% of the world use social media ☆ More communication so friction of distance reduced ☆ Brands + adverts increase familiarity and sense of place
• Factors causing globalisation: Decentralised manufacturing ☆ In LIDCs like Malaysia or Bangladesh 1970-90 number of textile workers increased by 300 to 600% ☆ In the global north there is significantly less employment - decreased by 58% in Germany ☆ Global North feels much more distant to Global South due to forced lower wage jobs to LIDCs by TNCs
• Gentrification When wealthier people move in to refurbish lower income housing in ACs
• What does a place profile consist of? Socio-economic factors like house prices, Built environment like major roads, Natural environment like rivers & lakes, political factors like local councillors, cultural factors like community action groups, demographic factors like the age structure.
• How can money and investment affect place identity? External funding can come from national governments or private companies which can impact the built environment
• How can flows of people affect place identity? Migration in or out of an area can impact demographic structure as well as the socio-economic make-up of a place
• How can resources affect place identity? Places with heavy exports may present as more industrial whilst modern built environments tend to see higher levels of imports
• What are some key events in Cambridge's timeline?

  Cambridge University was founded in 1209

  Addenbrookes Hospital was opened in 1766

  The railway station was built in 1845 with connections to London

  CB1 redevelopment approved in 2008 at a cost of £725m
• What did Yi-Fu Tuan say in 1977 about space? """Space is a location which has no social connection to a human being"""
• What did Agnew (1987) say about the concept of place? There are three aspects: Location (the space) Locale (the material aspects of a place like buildings) and Sense of place (emotional feelings towards it)
• Palimpsest Something that has changed over time and shows evidence of that change. Geographers often describe places as being these
• How can age affect place perception? Older people might not view a fairground for example as exciting and interesting as a young child but rather as noisy and too busy. Rowles (1978) said that old people use space more efficiently because they're less adept at using unfamiliar spaces.
• How can gender affect place perception? Gill Valentine (1989) said that women develop individual mental maps of places where they fear assault. These are instilled at an early age. This demonstrates that being a woman can make you less comfortable in an area and have a negative place perception
• How does sexuality affect place perception? "J.A Podmore states that while gay men have highly visible enclaves in inner-city areas lesbian forms of territoriality at an urban scale are relatively ""invisible"" as their communities are through social networks rather than commercial sites"
• How does a person's role influence their place perception? Parents who spend all day working away from home and have few local social contacts are often quite out of touch with what is going on in their own area. This contrasts to the children that have more of a detailed local knowledge.
• How does religion affect place perception? Jerusalem is a very significant religious place with connections with Judaism Christianity and Islam. Many religious places are associated with refuge peace and healing
• What are some reasons for emotional attachment to a place? Making memories in places. Natural disasters which lead people to rebuild their lives in a place. Placemaking by citizens. Historical events (battles, family history)
• Describe the place attachment tri-partite model. It consists of Processes (why the attachment exists e.g memories of that place). The features of a place (either physical or social e.g a coffee shop you used to meet your friends in). Personal factors (e.g a person born in the UK with Indian heritage might feel a connection to India)
• How are people in Japan connected to North Korea and how does this emotional attachment change behaviour? 150 000 Koreans are in Japan due to the Japanese military bringing them over in 1910. Schools teach the Koreans Korean language culture and politics. The attachment has changed behaviour through creating a divide between the Japanese people. Aggression towards both sides occurs
• What are some sources of representation?

  Formal sources: Census data academic journals text books geospatial data

  Informal sources: Music videos films TV books websites
• Why do we use formal and informal sources? Formal sources help to compare different places to each other based on objective data. Informal sources give a deeper understanding of the place and individual's experiences
• Globalisation The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world economically socially politically and culturally.
• How did David Harvey (1989) define time space compression? "The acceleration of economic activities leads to the destruction of spatial barriers and distances"