KQ4

• Types of public players driving economic change ☆ Trans National Governments e.g the EU ☆ National Governments ☆ Local Governments
• Player An individual, group of people or a formal organisation who can influence or be influenced by the processes of change.
• Types of private players ☆ Businesses - can provide large amount of investment to drive economic change ☆ Local Communities - concerned about their area, can be in resident groups, digital groups etc. ☆ NGOs - have a particular focus like the National Trust
• Spacial distribution of ethnic groups in Detroit ☆ During the boom period of growth in Detroit, many white families with high paying jobs moved out to the suburbs because they could afford cars. ☆ This left behind black communities in central Detroit with low paid jobs so lower investment and a spiral of urban decline
• Henry Ford - Innovation and Growth in Detroit Henry Ford invented the assembly line in 1913 where line moves but the workers stay in position. Ford offered workers high wages and a 5 day working week, causing increased workforce and large scale migration from South US
• WW2 in Detroit WW2 caused a decline in car production, fuel was rationed in the USA in 1942. The factories changed to producing army vehicles with steel in cars.
• After WW2 in Detroit After WW2 the free network rapidly expanded such as the M-8. Increased car ownership and wealth led to a boom in consumerism
• Consumerism A social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever increasing amounts. It is often tied with the idea of the American Dream
• 1950s in Detroit Suburbs like Dearborn were formed. These were white suburbs which left behind the lower income black population behind in the centre city. Also known as white flight
• 1960s racial tensions in Detroit The white population mostly occupied managerial positions in the factories compared to the black workers. Heavy handed policing and differences in income and quality of life led to racial tensions and rioting in the city. 1967 riot in Detroit leading to 43 dead, 342 injured and nearly 1400 buildings burned. 7000 National guard and US army troops had been called
• 1970s in Detroit There was an oil crisis in the 1970s and cost of oil rose by 300%. People needed more fuel efficient cars and there was a significant decline in car purchases from Ford, GM and Chrysler. Numerous jobs were lost and tax base declined further
• 2008 in Detroit The global financial crash triggered by the sale of sub-prime mortgages lead to the further abandonment of houses in the city as people couldn't pay.
• 2013 in Detroit Detroit was declared bankrupt. The city was in debt by $18 billion
• Impacts on Detroit ☆ Population from 500,000 to 700,000 from 1910 to 2010 ☆ 97% white to 10% white from 1910 to 2010 ☆ Housing property value $43b to $12b from 1960 to 2010
• Unions in Detroit Unions demanded higher wages and improved working conditions and retirement benefits throughout the 1930s. Ford conceded in 1941
• Blight The decay and deterioration of an urban area due to neglect or age
• Reduction in tax income for Detroit Reduction in tax income because of white flight and low income black population, means less money is being pumped back into the area
• Urban Prairie Piece of land located within a city that has reverted back to green space through neglect, purposeful action or a lack of management
• Impacts on Detroit ☆ Population from 500 000 to 700 000 from 1910 to 2010 ☆ 97% white to 10% white from 1910 to 2010 ☆ Housing property value $43b to $12b from 1960 to 2010
• Unions in Detroit Unions demanded higher wages and improved working conditions and retirement benefits throughout the 1930s. Ford conceded in 1941
• Blight The decay and deterioration of an urban area due to neglect or age
• Reduction in tax income for Detroit Reduction in tax income because of white flight and low income black population means less money is being pumped back into the area
• Urban Prairie Piece of land located within a city that has reverted back to green space through neglect purposeful action or a lack of management
• Detroit Blight Busters ☆ Initiative founded in 1987 which aims to renovate over 20 000 derelict buildings in Detroit. ☆ It has had a youth programme for 10 years ☆It's helped raise over $20 million in investment in the past 29 years
• D-Town Farms Detroit black community food network was founded in 2006 and it has communal kitchens for aspiring cooks. Movement where the black community in Detroit is trying to control their own futures in environmental or social ways