KQ5

• Market - led strategy Private investors
• Top Down strategy Large scale strategy usually public sector
• Flagship strategy Large scale one off projects with distinct architecture
• Legacy strategy Development happens after a major sporting event
• What is the Battersea Power Station placemaking scheme? Battersea Power Station in London was sold in 2018 for £1.6 billion to a Malaysian firm called PNB who converted the building into a mixed-use development of retail leisure commercial and residential uses.
• What is the concept of a 24-hour city? These are cities that can be transformed into different places depending on the time of day. e.g. a place of work during the day but a place of leisure during the night.
• What's an example of a 24-hour-city? London - London's night-time businesses contribute £26 billion to the UK economy and it employs over 600 000 workers. This changes the city to make people feel safer
• Why do architects include green open space? Improves air quality and mental health of the area. It also encourages wildlife
• Why do architects use mixed land-use? Encourages sense of community which discourages 'dormitory' areas
• Why do architects use mixed housing tenure? Helps social integration of different socio-economic groups and the sense of community.
• Why do architects use vertical land-use zoning? Maximises use of space and elevates accommodation above street noise.
• Why do architects use varied open space? Designed to encourage recreation in urban areas.
• Rebranding Where a place is changed to give it a new place identity
• Regeneration The process of improving the economic social and environmental aspects of a place often incorporating a change in the built environment.
• Reimaging Creating new mental images of a place through cultural elements such as architecture or sporting events
• What are the social, economic and environmental reasons for rebranding?

  Social - to encourage population growth and diversity.

  Economic - to replace a 'lost' economic sector with a new one creating employment.

  Environmental - to improve the built environment to make it more attractive to people
• Why might people contest placemaking?

  Could cause change in the character of the place through gentrification. Newsagents and corner shops are displaced by restaurants and specialist shops like shoe shops. Favouring one group over another e.g. entrepreneurs over residents
• What are some players involved in placemaking? Local government , Community action groups, National media, Universities Government agencies, Charities, TNCs.
• What was the Queen Elizabeth Park rebranding scheme? Top-down Flagship and Legacy. £180m invested by the UK government to the area in East London which transformed the former industrial land which was used for the 2012 London Olympics into housing sports venues and new schools. New cultural additions include a new Victoria and Albert museum.
• What is the Newcastle Helix rebranding scheme? Market-led and Top down strategy. £350 million invested by a group including Newcastle University Newcastle City Council and a private firm. The 10 hectare site in central Newcastle upon Tyne which was a former brewery now includes university buildings offices and student accommodation. Buildings include The Biosphere (dedicated to life science research)
• What was the Liverpool One rebranding scheme? Market-led and Flagship. A project of over £1 billion the land was formerly used for warehousing retail and the city's main bus station. The 17 hectare redevelopment now includes retail leisure and dining areas. There are also over 600 residential units.
• Why did CB1 need to be rebranded? Around the station there were many industries. A key industry here was flour milling the mill changed ownership from Spillers Ltd to Rank Hovis. During the 80s & 90s there was a lack of investment in the area too meaning derelict buildings.There was a large fire at the Hovis mill in 2010 lowering the environmental quality further.
• What was the strategy used in CB1? Market-led investment was made by the company Brookgate
• Why could CB1 be considered unsuccessful? Generic clone-town lots of chain shops and little personality. There's only one open green space which has become contested - kids want to use it for football others for BBQs etc. An increase of pop-up brothels which puts strain on police resources. Increase in air pollution
• Pure Michigan is an advertising campaign launched by the state of Michigan marketing it as a travel and tourism destination. It encouraged 5.6 million trips from outside the state. $22.8bn was spent by tourists in 2014