KQ1

• Policy A set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for making decisions, especially in politics, economics or business
• Regular Migration Movement of people that takes place within the regulatory norms of the sending, transit and receiving countries
• Human Trafficking The action or practice of illegally transporting people from one country or area to another, typically for the purposes of forced labour or sexual exploitation
• People Smuggling The action or practice of illegally transporting people from one country to another. This is different to trafficking because it is voluntary
• Economic Migrant Someone who leaves their native country purely for financial reasons
• How many international migrants were there in 2020? 281 million globally
• How much money was transferred through remittances in 2020? $702 billion
• What were the top 3 remittance receiving countries in 2020? USA, UAE & Saudi Arabia
• What was the proportion of women and girls in all the international migrants in 2020? They made up 48%
• How many international migrants lived in Europe in 2019? 82 million
• By how much did number of migrants increase from 1970 to 2022? Number of migrants went from 2.3% to 3.6% of the global population
• How many unauthorised migrants were in the US in 2019? The migration policy institute estimates that there were around 11 million unauthorised immigrants in the US in 2019. Almost half resided in these states: California, Texas, and New York. 48% of these were Mexican
• Migration The movement of humans from one place to another
• Short-term migration When a person moves to a country for a period of 3-12 months
• Long-term migration When people move to another country for at least a year
• International Migration The movement of people across countries
• Inter-regional migration Migration between different regions (e.g. movement across continents)
• Intra-regional migration movement within a country or region
• Refugee A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution or natural disaster
• Asylum seeker A person forced to flee their country for their safety but hasn't been legally recognized as a refugee
• Immigration Migration of people into a country involving permanent change of residence
• Emigration Migration of people away from a country involving permanent change of residence
• Net Migration Difference between the number of people moving permanently in and out of an area
• Diaspora The spread of an ethnic or national group from their homeland
• How much did international migration increase by between 1990 and 2020? 83% (128 million)
• Top 3 remittance sending countries in 2020 USA, UAE and Saudi Arabia
• What are the regions with the largest numbers of international migrants? Europe & Asia
• Which region has experienced the fastest increase in the number of international migrants? Asia, by 74% from 2000 to 2022
• Which country has the highest percentage of migrants residing within its border? UAE - 88%
• What is the top country of destination? USA with 50.6 million migrants
• Between which 2 countries does the biggest migration corridor exist? Mexico to the USA with 11 million migrants
• Most common destination for migrants from the UK? Australia
• Most common reasons for people migrating? Conflict, Economy, Natural disasters, Family
• Ravenstein's Laws of Migration Ravenstein observed migration patterns in Britain such as: Most migrants travel short distances, Most migration is from the agricultural areas to centres of commerce and industry and the volume of migration increases as transport improves and with the development of industry and commerce
• Lee's Theory of Migration Lee's theory showed the origin region with more push factors and the destination region with more pull factors and the intervening obstacles between them such as language barriers or transport costs
• Migration corridor The connection between two places, through which people migrate.
• Why is 'south-south' migration more popular? South-south migration is more accessible (closer), potentially fewer language barriers and cheaper
• Benefits of migration for the host country? Brain Gain - Increase in skilled workers, Increased connection - Increases trade opportunities Younger population so more workers, less dependent population
• Challenges of migration for host country. Pressure on infrastructure and services (e.g. schools), Gender imbalance - usually more men migrate, Increased level of pollution
• Benefits of emigration for countries. Remittances increase GDP contributing to economy People returning from emigration are often advocates for change in their home country Emigration can alleviate pressure on the labour market, reducing unemployment